Table 2 . Framework for use of genetic and epigenetic data in occupational and environmental risk assessment.

	Genetic		Epigenetic
Risk Assessment
Functions	Inherited	Acquired	Inherited	Acquired
Hazard Identification	• Screening chemicals	• Screening chemicals	• Screening chemicals	• Screening chemicals
	• Mutation endpoint	• Serve as endpoints	• Serve as endpoints	• Serve as endpoints
	• Effect modifier	• MOA	• MOA	• MOA
	• MOA
Dose-Response Modeling	• Modify gene-environment interaction	• Changes in gene expression with dose	• Modify gene-environment interactions	• Modify gene-environment interactions
	• Use as adjustment factors
Exposure Assessment	• Effect modifier	• Deviations from normal pattern of gene expression	• Effect modifier	• Effect modifier
			• Indicator of exposure	• Indicator of exposure
Risk Characterization	• Prevalence of mutations	• Prevalence of gene expression patterns	• Prevalence of “marks”	• Prevalence of “marks”
	• Identification of high-risk groups	• Understand variability	• Understand variability	• Understand variability
	• Understand variability	• Identification of high-risk groups	• Identification of high-risk groups	• Identification of high-risk groups

MOA: mode of action.