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. 2015 Nov 29;27(sup1):6–17. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1026307

Table 1. Adherence, stigma, and psychosocial correlates of disclosure status.

  Mean (standard deviation) or frequency count (%)
Variables Overall (n = 285) Non-disclosed (n = 163) Disclosed (n= 122) P value
Adherence variables
Who gives the child medicines
 Mother 121 (43%) 76 (47%) 45 (37%) .10
 Father 27 (10%) 18 (11%) 9 (7%) .29
 Aunt/uncle 30 (11%) 17 (10%) 13 (11%) .95
 Grandparent 21 (7%) 12 (7%) 9 (7%) .99
 Child takes own 190 (67%) 106 (65%) 84 (69%) .50
Problems taking ART 25 (9%) 14 (9%) 11 (9%) .90
Problems taking ART on time 63 (22%) 39 (24%) 24 (20%) .39
Child-level barriers to taking ART 123 (43%) 77 (47%) 46 (38%) .11
Caregiver-level barriers to taking ART 94 (33%) 63 (39%) 31 (25%) .02
Clinic-level barriers to taking ART 69 (24%) 43 (26%) 26 (21%) .32
Took one or more late doses in the past seven days 82 (29%) 48 (30%) 34 (28%) .70
Missed one or more doses in the past seven days 50 (18%) 31 (20%) 19 (16%) .41
Missed one or more doses in the past 30 days 54 (20%) 29 (18%) 25 (21%) .58
HIV stigma variables
Caregiver stigma score 3.4 (3.3) 3.4 (3.2) 3.5 (3.4) .79
Child stigma score n/a n/a 3.3 (2.1) n/a
GHAC QoL domain scores
General health 78.3 (16.5) 77.8 (16.8) 78.9 (16.1) .59
Physical functioning 88.0 (19.9) 88.4 (18.8) 87.3 (21.3) .64
Psychological well-being 89.1 (10.6) 89.9 (10.5) 88.0 (10.7) .14
Health utilization 99.2 (2.8) 99.3 (2.7) 99.2 (3.0) .74
Health symptoms 89.7 (10.7) 88.4 (11.6) 91.4 (9.2) .02
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
SDQ total difficulties score       .93
Normal 260 (92%) 148 (91%) 112 (92%)  
Borderline disorder 11 (4%) 6 (4%) 5 (4%)  
Abnormal 13 (5%) 8 (5%) 5 (4%)  
Patient Health Questionnaire – Depression Screening
PHQ-9 score       .57
No depression 227 (81%) 130 (81%) 97 (81%)  
Minimal symptoms 41 (15%) 24 (15%) 17 (14%)  
Minor depression 7 (3%) 5 (3%) 2 (2%)  
Major depression 6 (2%) 2 (1%) 4 (3%)