Table 1. Adherence, stigma, and psychosocial correlates of disclosure status.
Mean (standard deviation) or frequency count (%) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Overall (n = 285) | Non-disclosed (n = 163) | Disclosed (n= 122) | P value |
Adherence variables | ||||
Who gives the child medicines | ||||
Mother | 121 (43%) | 76 (47%) | 45 (37%) | .10 |
Father | 27 (10%) | 18 (11%) | 9 (7%) | .29 |
Aunt/uncle | 30 (11%) | 17 (10%) | 13 (11%) | .95 |
Grandparent | 21 (7%) | 12 (7%) | 9 (7%) | .99 |
Child takes own | 190 (67%) | 106 (65%) | 84 (69%) | .50 |
Problems taking ART | 25 (9%) | 14 (9%) | 11 (9%) | .90 |
Problems taking ART on time | 63 (22%) | 39 (24%) | 24 (20%) | .39 |
Child-level barriers to taking ART | 123 (43%) | 77 (47%) | 46 (38%) | .11 |
Caregiver-level barriers to taking ART | 94 (33%) | 63 (39%) | 31 (25%) | .02 |
Clinic-level barriers to taking ART | 69 (24%) | 43 (26%) | 26 (21%) | .32 |
Took one or more late doses in the past seven days | 82 (29%) | 48 (30%) | 34 (28%) | .70 |
Missed one or more doses in the past seven days | 50 (18%) | 31 (20%) | 19 (16%) | .41 |
Missed one or more doses in the past 30 days | 54 (20%) | 29 (18%) | 25 (21%) | .58 |
HIV stigma variables | ||||
Caregiver stigma score | 3.4 (3.3) | 3.4 (3.2) | 3.5 (3.4) | .79 |
Child stigma score | n/a | n/a | 3.3 (2.1) | n/a |
GHAC QoL domain scores | ||||
General health | 78.3 (16.5) | 77.8 (16.8) | 78.9 (16.1) | .59 |
Physical functioning | 88.0 (19.9) | 88.4 (18.8) | 87.3 (21.3) | .64 |
Psychological well-being | 89.1 (10.6) | 89.9 (10.5) | 88.0 (10.7) | .14 |
Health utilization | 99.2 (2.8) | 99.3 (2.7) | 99.2 (3.0) | .74 |
Health symptoms | 89.7 (10.7) | 88.4 (11.6) | 91.4 (9.2) | .02 |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire | ||||
SDQ total difficulties score | .93 | |||
Normal | 260 (92%) | 148 (91%) | 112 (92%) | |
Borderline disorder | 11 (4%) | 6 (4%) | 5 (4%) | |
Abnormal | 13 (5%) | 8 (5%) | 5 (4%) | |
Patient Health Questionnaire – Depression Screening | ||||
PHQ-9 score | .57 | |||
No depression | 227 (81%) | 130 (81%) | 97 (81%) | |
Minimal symptoms | 41 (15%) | 24 (15%) | 17 (14%) | |
Minor depression | 7 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 2 (2%) | |
Major depression | 6 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 4 (3%) |