(a) qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses of epithelial crypts in ileum fragments of germ-free (GF) mice (n = 10 (male, 5; female, 5)) and feces transplanted GF mice (GF + feces, n = 10 (male (M), 5; female (F), 5)). Actin, a loading control, was detected by anti-β-actin antibody. R. E., relative expression. (b) Immuno-staining of ileum fragments of germ-free (GF) mice and GF mice transplanted with WT mouse feces (GF + feces). Red and green indicated respectively FABP4, adipsin or adiponectin (adipon) and FABP2. Scale bar, 40 μm. The result is a representative of 6 samples. (c) RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses of ileum epithelial crypts in mice after in vivo transplantation with (Lac, N = 10 (male, 5; female, 5)) or without (NC, N = 10 (male, 5; female, 5)) Lacbacillus NK6. Actin, a loading control. R. E., relative expression. (d) qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses of ileum epithelial crypts after in vitro stimulation with (Lac) or without (NC) Lacbacillus NK6. Actin, a loading control. (e) Serum levels of FABP4, adipsin and adiponectin (adipon) after transplantation with (WT + Lac, N = 10 (male (M), 5; female (F), 5)) or without (WT, N = 10 (male (M), 5; female (F), 5)) Lacbacillus NK6. (f) Serum levels of glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) in fasting mice after transplantation with (WT + Lac, N = 10 (male (M), 5; female(F), 5)) or without (WT, N = 10 (male(M), 5; female(F), 5)) Lacbacillus NK6. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 (t-test, mean ± SD in a, c, d; Mann-Whitney U test in e, f). The data were representative of three independent experiments.