Table 1.
Current recommendations of maternal immunization by the Center of Disease Control in the United States
| Vaccine | Type / Form | Before pregnancy | During pregnancy | After pregnancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | Inactivated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated |
| Hepatitis B | Inactivated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated |
| HPV | Inactivated | No (under study) | No (under study) | Yes, if indicated (to 26 y of age) |
| Influenza | Inactivated | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Live attenuated | Yes, if under 50 and healthy; avoid conception for 4 weeks | No | Yes, if under 50 and healthy; avoid conception for 4 weeks | |
| MMR | Live attenuated | Yes, if indicated; avoid conception for 4 weeks | No | Yes, if indicated. To be given immediately postpartum if susceptible to rubella |
| Meningococcal | Polysaccharide | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated |
| Conjugate | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated | |
| Tdap | Toxoid Inactivated | Yes, if indicated | Yes, vaccinate during each pregnancy between 27–36 weeks of gestation | Yes, immediately postpartum if not given previously |
| Tetanus/Diphtheria | Toxoid | Yes, if indicated | Yes, if indicated (Tdap preferred) | Yes, if indicated |
| Varicella | Live attenuated | Yes, if indicated; avoid conception for 4 weeks | No | Yes, give immediately postpartum if susceptible |
| Anthrax | Subunit | Yes, if indicated | No, unless risk of exposure is significant | No, unless risk of exposure is significant |
| BCG | Liveattenuated | Yes, if indicated | No | No |
| Japanese Encephalitis | Inactivated | Yes, if indicated | Insufficient data for recommendation | Insufficient data for recommendation |
| MPSV4 | Polysaccharide | Yes | No, unless risk of exposure is significant | No, unless risk of exposure is significant |
| Rabies | Inactivated | Yes, if indicated | No, unless post-exposure | No, unless post-exposure |
| Typhoid | Liveattenuated | Yes, if indicated | Insufficient data for recommendation | Insufficient data for recommendation |
| Smallpox | Liveattenuated | Yes, if indicated | No, unless post-exposure | No, unless post-exposure |
| Yellow Fever | Liveattenuated | Yes, if indicated | No, unless risk of exposure is significant | No, unless risk of exposure is significant |