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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Sci Eng. 2015;8(11):789–796. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2015.811075

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Relationship between local eVCAM-1, intimal thickness and intima-media thickness. Regions with the strongest (High-) and weakest (Low-) VCAM-1 staining were selected in each carotid bifurcation of 24-month-old FH pigs ((A) and (D), respectively). Corresponding Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stain in regions ((B) and (E)) used for morphology (intima-media thickness (IMT) and intimal thickness (IT)). (G) and (H), enlarged images for VCAM-1 and corresponding VVG staining in the intimal and superficial medial layers from the High-VCAM-1 region in (D). In selected regions of High-VCAM-1, positive staining occupies a greater proportion of the endothelium (E) and is more intense along the endothelium (E). VCAM-1 staining gradually decreases in intensity and distribution through the intima (I) and underlying media (m). (C) Percent endothelial VCAM-1 staining in regions of High- and Low-VCAM-1 was significantly correlated to IT (closed circle) and IMT (open circle). High VCAM-1 regions had a significant increase in IMT (F) and IT (I) compared to regions with low-VCAM-1 staining. Mean values ± SEM are represented (*P < 0.05). Scale bar for (A), (B), (D), (E) corresponds to 200 μM; insets ((G), (H)) = 50 μM. eVCAM-1, endothelial VCAM-1; EEL, external elastic lamina; IEL, internal elastic lamina.