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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 21.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2011 Apr;1(2):971–993. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100053

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Kinins participate in the activation of the innate/adaptive immunity in a variety of acute and/or chronic inflammatory diseases. Upon tissue injury, kinins via activation of dendritic cells (DCs) B2 receptors triggered mechanism related to maturation of DCs, including migration to sites of inflammation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-12, which promote differentiation of naive CD4+ to Th1 and CD8+ cytotoxic effector T cells (CETCs) producing IFN-γ and other proinflammatory cytokines, reaching infected or injured peripheral tissues such as lung, kidneys, heart or brain (244). [Modified from Monteiro et al. (175).] Copyright 2009. The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.