Table 3.

Important examples of nanoparticle biosynthesis using plants.

plant	NP material	size (nm)	morphology	refs.
alfalfa	Au	up to 360	fcc1 tetrahedral, hexagonal platelet, icosahedral, decahedral and irregular	[163]
Aloe Vera	Au	50–350	spherical and triangular	[41]
aloin A and aloesin	Au	4–45	spherical	[161]
aloin A and aloesin	Ag	5	spherical	[161]
Argemone maxicana	Ag	30	cubic and hexagonal	[9]
Azadirachta indica (neem)	Ag	up to 200	triangular	[109]
black tea extracts	Ag and Au	≈20	spheres, trapezoids, prisms and rods	[24]
Bryophyllum sp.	Ag	2–5	fcc1 unit cell structure	[159]
Cacumen platycladi	Au–Pd	7	spherical	[106]
Callicarpa maingayi	Ag	12.4	spherical	[115]
Cassia auriculata	Au	15–25	triangular and spherical	[74]
Centella asiatica	Au	9.3–10.9	triangular, hexagonal and spherical	[88]
Ceratonia silique	Ag	5–40	spherical	[45]
Chlorella vulgaris	Ag	20	truncated triangular and irregular	[59]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Au	25	prisms and spheres	[39]
Corriandrum sativum	ZnO	66–81	cubic	[46]
Curcuma longa	Ag	6.3	spherical	[42]
Cyprus sp.	Ag	2–5	fcc1 unit cell structure	[159]
Eclipta	Ag	2–6	spherical	[160]
Eucalyptus chapmaniana	Ag	60	fcc1 unit cell structure	[6]
Eucalyptus citriodora	Ag	≈20	spherical	[67]
Ficus bengalensis	Ag	≈20	spherical	[67]
Ficus benghalensis	Ag	16	spherical	[13]
Fucus vesiculosus	Au	NR	spherical	[113]
Hibiscus Rosa sinensis	Au	≈14	triangular, hexagonal, dodecahedral and spherical	[84]
Hibiscus Rosa sinensis	Ag	≈13	spherical	[84]
Hydrilla sp.	Ag	2–5	fcc1 unit cell structure	[159]
Iresine herbstii	Ag	44–64	spherical	[48]
Jatropha curcas (latex)	Ag	20–40	fcc1 unit cell structure	[76]
Jatropha curcas (seed extract)	Ag	15–50	spherical	[102]
lemongrass plant	Au	≈25	triangular	[40]
Leptadenia reticulate	Ag	50–70	spherical	[49]
Lonicera japonica	Ag	7.8	spherical, triangular and hexagonal	[25]
Lonicera japonica	Au	8.02	spherical, triangular and hexagonal	[25]
Macrotyloma uniflorum	Au	14–17	spherical	[14]
Mangifera indica	Au	18	spherical	[158]
Mangifera indica	Ag	20	triangular, hexagonal and spherical	[43]
Mulberry leaves	Ag	20–40	spherical	[58]
Musa balbisiana (banana)	Ag	80.2	spherical	[109]
Ocimum tenuiflorum (tulsi)	Ag	up to 200	cuboidal	[109]
Pelargonium graveolens	Ag	27	spherical and ellipsoidal	[162]
Psidium guajava	Au	4–24	spherical	[75]
rose petals	Au	10	spherical, triangular and hexagonal	[20]
Scutellaria barbata	Au	5–30	spherical and triangular	[77]
tea extract	Ag	11–30	spherical	[32]
tea and coffee extract	Ag and Pd	20–60	spherical	[51]
tea extract	Au	15–45	spherical	[79]
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Au	15–25	spherical	[19]
Vitex negundo	Ag	18.2	spherical	[5]

¹fcc: face-centered cubic.