Figure 5.

The partial residuals of production efficiency (a) and energy density (b) are plotted against developmental stage, while controlling for a random effect of each species. Markers represent different insect orders: Coleoptera (diamonds), Hemiptera (squares), Lepidoptera, (right facing triangles), Neuroptera (left facing triangles) and Orthoptera (circles). The slopes are both positive with their 95% CIs (in parentheses) excluding zero. The value used for total instars includes the adult instar, for hemimetabolous insects and the pupa for holometabolous insects, i.e. when developmental stage is equal to one, the insect is an adult or pupa.