Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Nov 23;6:2193–2206. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.6.225

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2015, Wagner et al.

This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)

PMC Copyright notice

Modulation indices of the sidebands at ω_m (a) and 2ω_m (b) against for different modulation amplitudes U_ac. Topography feedback in amplitude modulation (net-attractive interaction) was enabled during these measurements. , given by the minimum of , is the contact potential difference found by FM detection. c) Signals in (a) normalised using U_ac and (light green to blue, FM). Normalised electrostatic force (red, AM), simultaneously detected with lock-in amplifiers at ω_m and 2ω_m. (Scan parameters: A_free = 11.2 nm, A_set = 10.4 nm, Q = 500, k = 35 N/m, f₀ = 302.5 kHz, f_m = 4 kHz).

Inline graphic — Modulation indices of the sidebands at ω_m (a) and 2ω_m (b) against for different modulation amplitudes U_ac. Topography feedback in amplitude modulation (net-attractive interaction) was enabled during these measurements. , given by the minimum of , is the contact potential difference found by FM detection. c) Signals in (a) normalised using U_ac and (light green to blue, FM). Normalised electrostatic force (red, AM), simultaneously detected with lock-in amplifiers at ω_m and 2ω_m. (Scan parameters: A_free = 11.2 nm, A_set = 10.4 nm, Q = 500, k = 35 N/m, f₀ = 302.5 kHz, f_m = 4 kHz).