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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 21.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2015 Dec;62(12):2068–2078.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

General pulse scheme used to study the effect of bubble removal pulses on histotripsy soft tissue fractionation. (A) Representative waveform acquired from the 500 kHz histotripsy transducer at low power (below the cavitation threshold). The histotripsy pulse P− used for tissue phantom treatments is estimated to be 33 MPa. (B) Partial segment of the bubble removal pulse; all bubble removal pulses had a center frequency of 1 MHz, and amplitude set to either 0 or 1 MPa. (C) Overall timing of the experimental pulse scheme. A 500 µs delay was imposed following histotripsy pulse firing to allow the bubble cloud to collapse in an unimpeded manner. Bubble removal pulse durations of 10, 100, 1000, and 5000 µs were investigated.