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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 21.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2015 Dec;62(12):2068–2078.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Representative lesions in the RBC tissue-mimicking phantom following 500 histotripsy pulses. All treatments tested in this study produced lesions characterized by a completely fractionated central zone with varying degrees of damage in the periphery. (A) The very low PRF of 1 Hz generated ellipsoidal-shaped lesions with smooth boundaries and minimal peripheral damage. (B) Treatment at the high PRF of 100 Hz produced heterogeneously-shaped lesions with jagged boundaries and increased peripheral damage. (C/D) At 100 Hz PRF, the incorporation of relatively short duration bubble removal sequences of 10 and 100 cycles resulted in final lesions with appearance intermediate to that observed at 1 Hz and 100 Hz without bubble removal. (E/F) Longer bubble removal sequences of 1000 and 5000 cycles allowed final lesions generated at 100 Hz to closely approximate those produced at the low rate of 1 Hz.