Fig. 8.

Representative volume treatments in the RBC tissue-mimicking phantom. (A–C) Without the incorporation of bubble removal sequences, as the linear scan speed was increased—i.e. as the histotripsy dose was lowered—the extent of intact tissue phantom structure remaining in the target zone increased. Speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mm/s resulted in average residual structure areas of 5.2, 24.1, and 40.5 mm², respectively. (D–F) With the incorporation of 1000 cycle bubble removal sequences, all histotripsy doses resulted in near-complete homogenization of the target zone. In this case speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mm/s produced average residual structure areas of 0.9, 4.0, and 3.8 mm², with the majority of this intact structure located on the perimeter of the target zone.