Table 1.

Enrolment characteristics by age group of HIV-infected children less than five years of age enrolled in HIV care between January 2010 and September 2012 in Tanzania

	All under-five children		Infants (0 to 11 months)		Young children (12 to 35 months)		Older children (36 to 59 months)
Patient-level characteristics	n=1679	%	n=469	%	n=780	%	n=430	%	p
Sex
Male	846	50.4	217	46.3	408	52.3	221	51.4	0.11
Female	833	49.6	252	53.7	372	47.7	209	48.6
Point of entry into care
VCT	567	33.8	92	19.6	291	37.3	184	42.8	<0.0001
PMTCT	456	27.2	234	49.9	171	21.9	51	11.9
Inpatient	147	8.8	51	10.9	71	9.1	25	5.8
Outpatient	280	16.7	53	11.3	129	15.5	98	22.8
Other/unknown	229	13.6	39	8.3	118	15.1	72	16.7
Transferred in from another facility	139	8.3	7	1.5	70	9.0	62	14.4	<0.0001
Enrolment year									0.04
2010	607	36.2	156	33.3	273	35.0	178	41.4
2011	559	33.3	154	32.8	263	33.7	142	33.0
2012	513	30.6	159	33.9	244	31.3	110	25.6
Malnutrition (weight for age)									<0.0001
Missing	50	2.9	17	3.3	20	2.6	13	3.0
Not malnourisheda	754	46.3	268	59.3	260	34.2	226	54.2
Moderately malnourisheda	305	18.7	69	15.3	169	22.2	67	16.1
Severely malnourisheda	570	35.0	115	25.4	331	43.6	124	29.7
WHO stage									<0.0001
Missing	29	1.7	15	3.2	9	1.2	5	1.2
Stage 1	474	28.7	168	37.0	183	23.7	123	28.9
Stage 2	489	29.6	113	24.9	231	30.0	145	34.1
Stage 3	442	26.8	107	23.6	230	29.8	105	24.7
Stage 4	245	14.9	66	14.5	127	16.5	52	12.2
CD4 count (cells/µL)									0.02
Missing	1316	78.4	407	86.8	621	79.6	288	67.0
1 to 350	99	27.3	27	43.6	39	24.5	33	23.2
351 to 750	89	24.5	13	21.0	35	22.0	41	28.9
750+	175	48.2	22	35.5	85	53.5	68	47.9
ART eligibility at enrolment									<0.001
Eligible	1068	63.8	469	100.0	415	53.5	184	42.9
Not eligible	605	36.2	–	–	360	46.5	245	57.1
Distribution of children by facility-level characteristics (number of facilities=69)
Setting									0.095
Urban/semi-urban city (n=48)	1316	78.4	362	77.2	601	77.1	353	82.1
Rural (n=21)	363	21.6	107	22.8	179	23.0	77	17.9
Facility type									0.0002
Public primary (n=28)	585	34.8	165	35.2	272	34.9	148	34.4
Public secondary/tertiary (n=17)	620	36.9	152	32.4	276	35.4	192	44.7
Others, including 18 private clinics (n=24)	474	28.2	152	32.4	232	29.7	90	20.9
CD4 machine at facility									0.14
Available on site (n=22)	897	53.4	236	50.3	416	53.3	245	57.0
Not available on site (n=47)b	782	46.6	233	49.7	364	46.7	185	43.0
Early infant diagnosis sample collectionc									0.008
On site (n=63)	1559	92.9	421	89.8	736	94.4	402	93.5
Not available (n=6)	120	7.2	48	10.2	44	5.6	28	6.5
Nutritional support									0.03
No food rations for children (n=58)	1379	82.1	398	84.9	620	79.5	361	83.9
Food rations provided to children (n=11)	300	17.9	71	15.1	160	20.5	69	16.1

^aWeight-for-age z-score: not malnourished (z-score≥−2); moderately malnourished (z-score =−2 to −3); severely malnourished (z-score≤−3);

^bsample collected on site but analysis done at a lab off site;

^cDNA PCR sample collection. All DNA PCR analysis was conducted at a central laboratory in a different region (Mwanza). VCT, voluntary counselling and testing; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission; ART, antiretroviral therapy.