Table 4. Measures of emotional control problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression at T1 and T2 (raw scores): means and standard deviations within the TS, ADHD-C and TDC groups, and results from Mixed Model ANOVA.
| TS (n = 19) | ADHD-C (n = 33) | TDC (n = 50) | Group | Time | Time x Group d) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | F | p | F | P | F | p | ηp 2 |
| Emotional control problems a) | 65.4 (12.8) | 59.9 (15.1) | 61.1 (15.9) | 58.2 (14.7) | 41.0 (4.3) | 41.3 (4.7) | (2, 97) 49.8 | <.001 | 7.58 | <.01 | 3.35 | <.05 | .07 |
| Anxiety symptoms b) | 13.7 (9.1) | 10.8 (9.7) | 16.1 (9.7) | 13.4 (8.2) | 5.7 (4.3) | 5.2 (5.5) | (2, 94) 24.0 | <.001 | 5.23 | <.05 | 1.0 | ns | |
| Depression symptoms c) | 4.6 (4.5) | 4.7 (5.9) | 7.0 (4.4) | 6.7 (4.6) | 2.2 (2.3) | 2.1 (2.4) | (2,93) 26.9 | <.001 | .01 | Ns | .04 | ns | |
Note. TDC; Typically Developing Children,
a)The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (parent-report)—Emotional Control scale,
b) The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, second edition (self-report). The total raw score is reported, which is based on 40 questions relating to physiological anxiety, worry and social anxiety. For the age group 9–14 years, a total score of 24+ would be considered in the clinical range (Moderately problematic) [87].
c) The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (self-report). The raw score is reported. The clinical cutoff is set at 11; a higher score signifies depression [76].
d) The effect size is specified only for significant interactions.