Morphological characteristics of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at various passages. (A) Representative BMSCs of the initial passage with small-round, flat and fibroblast-like morphology. (B) Representative cells with small rounded morphology, large flattened morphology, and fibroblast-like morphology are observed in the 3rd and 4th passages, respectively. (C) BMSC morphology had gradually shifted to a bipolar, spindle-like shape at the third passage. (D) Fourth passage BMSCs exhibited a uniform fibroblast-like, long-spindle shape, and continuously proliferated. Phase contrast microscopy; scale bars represent 100 µm. (E) The number of cells at each passage was counted from BMSCs isolated from six SD rats.