Table 2.
Count (Percentage) of Investigators Reporting Involvement in Any T1, T2, Reverse Translation, or Any Translational Research by Respondent Characteristics. Only participants with at least 20% research effort were included (n=82).
| Category of Respondent | n (%) In Category | T1 a (n=63) | T2 b (n=30) | RT c (n=32) | T d (n=75) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 59 (72) | 47 (80) | 21 (36) | 20 (34) | 54 (92) |
| Female | 23 (28) | 16 (70) | 9 (39) | 12 (52) | 21 (91) |
| Degree | |||||
| MD | 24 (29) | 15 (63) | 13 (54) | 10 (42) | 21 (88) |
| PhD | 50 (61) | 42 (84) | 14 (28) | 14 (28) | 46 (92) |
| MD/PhD | 8 (10) | 6 (75) | 3 (38) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) |
| Appointment Rank | |||||
| Assistant Professor | 26 (32) | 22 (85) | 6 (23) | 9 (35) | 23 (88) |
| Associate Professor | 19 (23) | 14 (74) | 9 (47) | 9 (47) | 18 (95) |
| Professor | 37 (45) | 27 (73) | 15 (41) | 14 (38) | 34 (92) |
| Primary focus of research | |||||
| Humans | 40 (50) | 26 (65) | 26 (65) | 14 (35) | 37 (93) |
| Animals | 21 (26) | 21 (100) | 1 (5) | 8 (38) | 21 (100) |
| Devices/instruments/methods | 1 (1) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Cell & Molecular Biology | 18 (23) | 15 (83) | 2 (11) | 8 (44) | 15 (83) |
T1 indicates early translation: translation of basic discovery into mechanistic studies in cell lines or animals, the translation of mechanistic studies into initial human testing, or the translation of initial human testing into proof of efficacy (clinical trials).
T2, later translation: translation of proof of efficacy into proof of effectiveness in a usual care setting, improving access to care, reorganizing and coordinating systems of care, helping physicians and patients to change behavior and make more informed choices, providing reminders and point-of-care decision support tools, or strengthening the patient-clinician relationship.
RT, reverse translation: translation of clinical observations to basic research.
T, any translational research.