Table 2.
Comparison of features and outcomes between hybrid assistive limb (HAL) and N-HAL groups
| HAL group (N = 14) | N-HAL group (N = 77) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 65 (57–69) | 64 (57–75) | 0.865 |
| Sex (male) | 5 (35.7%) | 43 (55.8%) | 0.245 |
| NIHSS | 15 (9–30) | 11 (4–20) | 0.098 |
| GCS | 14 (11–15) | 14 (9–15) | 0.829 |
| Amount of hematoma (mL) | 19.87 (6.98–38.39) | 15.64 (5.84–33.74) | 0.708 |
| Site of hematoma | 0.731 | ||
| subcortical | 2 (14.2%) | 23 (29.9%) | |
| putamen | 4 (28.6%) | 21 (27.2%) | |
| thalamus | 5 (35.7%) | 18 (23.3%) | |
| mixed | 2 (14.2%) | 9 (11.7%) | |
| other | 1 (7.1%) | 6 (7.8%) | |
| Presence of ventricular hematoma | 4 (28.6%) | 24 (31.2%) | 1 |
| side of hematoma | 0.272 | ||
| right | 11 (78.6%) | 41 (53.2%) | |
| left | 3 (21.4%) | 35 (45.5%) | |
| both | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| operation | 8 (57.1%) | 43 (55.8%) | 1 |
| Hospital stay of ours (days) | 21 (17–30) | 13 (9–19) | 0.001 |
| BI ≥ 85 | 7 (50%) | 40 (51.9%) | 1 |
| FIM ≥ 110 | 9 (64.3%) | 31 (40.3%) | 0.143 |
| Br. stage of upper extremities | 5 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.778 |
| Br. stage of hand function | 5 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.827 |
| Br. stage of lower extremities | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | 0.971 |
| Home discharge from a neighboring hospital | 11 (78.6%) | 44 (57.1%) | 0.152 |
| Hospital stay of a neighboring hospital (days) | 163 (66–196) | 110 (50–164) | 0.164 |
| Total hospital stay from ours to a neighboring one | 186 (94–218) | 123 (62–182) | 0.081 |
BI: Barthel index, Br: Brunnstrom, FIM: functional independence measure, GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale, HAL: hybrid assistive limb, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.