Table 6.
Associations between adiposity measures, sarcopenia and cognitive function after adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and inflammatory or metabolic markers in a study of British men aged 71–92 years in 2010-12
| Mild cognitive impairment (n = 636, 41 %) | Severe cognitive impairment (n = 133, 8 %) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95 % CI)a | RR (95 % CI)b | RR (95 % CI)c | RR (95 % CI) a | RR (95 % CI) b | RR (95 % CI)c | |
| Waist Circumference (>102 cm) | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) | 1.25 (0.95–1.66) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | 1.63 (1.05–2.55)§ | 1.55 (0.94–2.55) | 1.52 (0.95–2.43) |
| BMI (>30 kg/m2) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 1.22 (0.85–1.75) | 1.16 (0.83–1.62) | 2.25 (1.36–3.72)ǁ | 2.09 (1.17–3.72)§ | 2.30 (1.36–3.91)ǁ |
| MAMC Bottom Quintile (<=22.09 cm) | 0.91 (0.67–1.23) | 0.87 (0.63–1.20) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.76 (0.42–1.36) | 0.69 (0.37–1.31) | 0.76 (0.42–1.40) |
| Central Fat Mass Top Quintile (> = 6.3 kg/m2) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 1.85 (1.09–3.14)§ | 1.36 (0.72–2.59) | 1.65 (0.93–2.91) |
| Peripheral Fat Mass Top Quintile (> = 3.4 kg/m2) | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 1.16 (0.80–1.69) | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | 2.67 (1.59–4.48)ǁ | 2.25 (1.23–4.13)ǁ | 2.57 (1.48–4.45)ǁ |
| Visceral Fat Level Top Quintile (> = 6.9/m2) | 1.33 (0.94–1.88) | 1.54 (1.05–2.28)§ | 1.35 (0.94–1.95) | 2.28 (1.32–3.94)ǁ | 1.99 (1.05–3.78)§ | 2.27 (1.27–4.06)ǁ |
| Total Fat Mass Upper Quintile (> = 9.7 kg/m2) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 1.28 (0.88–1.85) | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) | 2.16 (1.29–3.63)ǁ | 1.70 (0.92–3.15) | 2.01 (1.16–3.49)§ |
| Sarcopenia (Severe) - EWGSOP definition | 1.31 (0.53–3.22) | 1.41 (0.56–3.54) | 1.40 (0.56–3.51) | 2.79 (0.89–8.74) | 2.67 (0.78–9.20) | 2.84 (0.89–9.09) |
| Sarcopenia - FNIH definition | 1.41 (0.58–3.39) | 1.81 (0.71–4.64) | 1.72 (0.67–4.40) | 1.30 (0.32–5.18) | 1.64 (0.39–6.91) | 1.47 (0.35–6.12) |
Reference is the normal cognitive ageing group
RR Relative risk ratios, MAMC Mid-arm muscle circumference, BMI Body-Mass Index, CVD Cardiovascular Disease, IR Insulin-resistance, IL-6 Interleukin-6, FNIH Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, EWGSOP European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
§ p < .05
ǁ p < .01
a Models adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, social class, physical activity, history of CVD, and history of diabetes
b Models adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, social class, physical activity, history of CVD, history of diabetes and IR
c Models adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, social class, physical activity, history of CVD, history of diabetes and IL-6