Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics and hemodynamics of the study population
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | Control | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose level < 150 mg/dl | Blood glucose level > 150 mg/dl | (n = 44) | ||
| (n = 17) | (n = 22) | |||
| Age (years) | 11.5 ± 3.3 | 11.5 ± 3.0 | 11.4 ± 2.9 | n.s. |
| Height (cm) | 152.2 ± 19.5 | 152.8 ± 17.5 | 154.1 ± 16.8 | n.s. |
| Weight (kg) | 44.6 ± 16.2 | 47 ± 16.2 | 48.0 ± 16.3 | n.s. |
| Body surface (m2) | 1.37 ± 0.3 | 1.41 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | n.s. |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 18.5 ± 2.3 | 19.5 ± 3.2 | 19.6 ± 3.5 | n.s. |
| Exercise routine (1–3) | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | n.s. |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 3.2 ± 3.8 | 4.5 ± 3.3 | - | n.s. |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 8.1 ± 1.2 | - | n.s. |
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 81.3 ± 10.8 | 87.1 ± 11.4 | 76.2 ± 9.4 | 0.001 |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 106.3 ± 7.5 | 104.7 ± 10.9 | 105.8 ± 9.2 | n.s. |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 58.2 ± 7.8 | 58.5 ± 8.2 | 59.4 ± 9.2 | n.s. |
Exercise routine level: 1 = in school; 2 = < 3 times/week; 3 = ≥ 3 times/week, p-values calculated with one way ANOVA, post hoc and Mann-Whitney U test, level of significance = 0.05