Table 2.
Summary of brucellosis studies in cattle, small ruminants and humans in Morocco
| Study category | No. of studies/reports | Publication type (no. of studies) | Period of studies (no. of studies) | Diagnostic tests (no. of studies)b | Sampling (no. of studies) | No. ind (No. of studies)c | Range of ind seroprev (%)/incidence | No. herds/flocks (No. of studies)c | Range of herd seroprev (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 119,288 | |||||||||
| Bacteriology | 8 | T(3), J(5) | 1960s(2), 1970s(2), 1980s(3), 2010s(1) | NA | NA | >1007 (6) | NA | NA | NA | [32, 33, 35, 43, 46, 54, 59, 112] |
| Small-scale serology | 11d | T(4)d, J(4), R(1) | 1960s(2), 1970s(4), 1980s(2), 1990s(1), 2010s(2) | SAT/CFT(2), SAT(2), RBT(2), NS(2) RBT/SAT/CFT(1), SAT/RIV(1), RBT/CFT(1) | NPS(8), PS(2), NS(1) | 17,548 (11) | 0.3–44.3 | >256 (6) | 2.7–100 | [42, 43, 45, 46, 51, 53, 54, 56, 59]d |
| Large-scale serology | 4 | J(1), R(3) | 1970s(1), 1980s(1), 1990s(1), 2010s(1) | SAT/CFT(1), RBT/CFT(1), RBT/CFT/mELISA/MRT(1), RBT(1) | PS?(3), PS(1) | 100,733 (4) | 2.1–14.1 | >4652 (3) | 4.6–7.1 | [47, 49, 51, 52] |
| Case reportsa | 23d | J(1)4, R(13) | 1970s(7), 1980s(3), 2000s(8), 2010s(5) | NS | NPS(23) | NA | 2–1505 | NA | NA | [44, 113–125]d |
| Small ruminants | 55,588 | |||||||||
| Bacteriology | 3 | J(1), R(2) | 1990s(3) | NA | NA | >18 (1) | NA | NA | NA | [69–71] |
| Small-scale serology | 10d | T(4)d, J(5) | 1960s(1), 1970s(1), 1980s(3), 2000s(2), 2010s(3) | RBT(6), NS(2), RBT/CFT/RID/DGD/LFA/cELISA(1) | NPS(9), PS(1) | >6810 (9) | 0–13.4 | >301 (8) | 0–50 | [45, 54, 79–85]d |
| RBT/CFT/cELISA(1) | ||||||||||
| Large-scale serology | 4 | J(1), R(3) | 1980s(1), 1990s(2), 2000s(1) | RBT/CFT/Coombs(1), RBT/CFT(1), RBT(2) | NPS(1), PS (2), PS? (1) | >48,760 (3) | 0–2.5 | >831 (2) | 0–15.7 | [52, 71, 77] |
| Case reportsa | 13 | R(13) | 2000s(8), 2010s(5) | NS | NPS (13) | NA | 0–25 | NA | NA | [113–125] |
| Humans | 4704 | |||||||||
| Bacteriology/molecular | 5 | J(5) | 1990s(2), 2000s(1), 2010s(2) | NA | NA | >4 (1) | NA | NA | NA | [90, 97–99, 107] |
| Serology | 3 | T(1), J(1), U(1) | 1970s(1), 1990s(1), 2010s(1) | SAT(1), RBT(1), SAT/Coombs/RBT/Brucellacapt(1) | NPS (2), PS (1) | 4700 (3) | 0–3.3 | NA | NA | [45, 104] |
| Case reportsa | 24d | T(1)d, R(8)d | 1940s(6), 1950s(3), 1990s(1), 2000s(10), 2010s(4) | NS | NPS (24) | NA | 0–42 | NA | NA | [45, 126–133]d |
aNumber of cases officially reported over a 1 year period
bMost studies used either a single serological test or combinations of multiple serological tests in series, with the exception of [47, 54, 77, 80] (see text)
cNumber of studies which provide information on number of individuals/herds sampled, numerous studies have missing data
dSingle reference/publication reports multiple studies hence discrepancy with number of studies in category
T thesis, J journal, R report, U unpublished, SAT serum agglutination test, CFT complement fixation test, RIV rivanol test, mELISA milk ELISA, MRT milk ring test, RID radial immunodiffusion test, DGD double gel diffusion test, LFA lateral flow assay, cELISA competitive ELISA, Coombs coombs test, NS not specified, NA not applicable, NPS non-probability sampling, PS probability sampling, PS? method poorly described but probability sampling probably applies