Table 2.

Hazard ratios of Non-Cardiac Comorbidities for mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

	HFpEF Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	HFrEF Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P value for interaction analyses
Diabetes mellitus	1.03 (0.86, 1.24)	1.25‡ (1.13, 1.38)	0.20
Hypertension	1.03 (0.85, 1.24)	1.03 (0.93, 1.15)	0.66
Peripheral arterial disease	1.17 (0.97, 1.40)	1.38‡ (1.25, 1.53)	0.11
CVA	1.25* (1.02, 1.52)	1.18† (1.05, 1.32)	0.53
Renal insufficiency	1.28† (1.07, 1.53)	1.25‡ (1.12, 1.38)	0.86
Anemia	1.35† (1.13, 1.61)	1.42‡ (1.28, 1.57)	0.84
COPD	1.61‡ (1.36, 1.91)	1.23‡ (1.11, 1.37)	0.01
Obesity	0.67‡ (0.56, 0.81)	0.83† (0.74, 0.93)	0.09
Liver disease	2.31‡ (1.48, 3.62)	1.41* (1.05, 1.89)	0.06
Cancer	1.24* (1.03, 1.49)	1.10 (0.98, 1.24)	0.33
AIDS	2.38 (0.76, 7.48)	1.52 (0.72, 3.22)	0.53
Dementia	1.75† (1.21, 2.51)	1.48† (1.16, 1.90)	0.70
Psychiatric disorder	1.05 (0.87, 1.27)	1.02 (0.91, 1.15)	0.57
Rheumatological disorder	1.52* (1.06, 2.17)	0.96 (0.75, 1.23)	0.054
Peptic ulcer disease	0.81 (0.60, 1.10)	1.07 (0.89, 1.29)	0.21

Other baseline covariates used in the model are age, gender, systolic blood pressure, serum sodium, past heart failure hospitalization and use of beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins. In HFrEF group, reduced ejection fraction was used in the model as a categorical variable of mild/moderate/severely reduced ejection fraction.

AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident.

^*p < 0.05

^†p < 0.01

^‡p < 0.001.