Table 1.
Pre-treatment characteristics of treatment completers versus treatment dropouts.
| Overall sample (n = 44) |
Treatment completers (n = 32) |
Treatment dropouts (n = 12) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | %(n) | M (SD) | %(n) | M (SD) | %(n) | |
| Child demographic variables | ||||||
| Child's age | 6.73 (1.82) | 6.72 (1.76) | 6.75 (2.05) | |||
| Child's gender | ||||||
| Girl | 43.2% (19) | 34.4% (11) | 66.7% (8) | |||
| Boy | 56.8% (25) | 65.6% (21) | 33.3% (4) | |||
| Child's race | ||||||
| Min Nan/Taiwanese | 84.1% (40) | 87.5% (31) | 75% (9) | |||
| Mixed ethnicities | 15.9% (2) | 12.5% (1) | 25% (3) | |||
| Caregiver demographic variables | ||||||
| Caregiver's age | 39.32 (7.56) | 39.50 (7.97) | 38.83 (6.63) | |||
| Caregiver's gender* | ||||||
| Females (including mothers, grandmothers, aunts, and foster mothers) | 79.5% (35) | 71.9% (23) | 100% (12) | |||
| Males (including fathers only) | 20.5% (9) | 28.1% (9) | 0% (0) | |||
| Relationship to child | ||||||
| Mother | 68.2% (30) | 59.4% (19) | 91.7% (11) | |||
| Father | 20.5% (9) | 28.1% (9) | 0% (0) | |||
| Grandmother | 2.3% (1) | 3.1% (1) | 0% (0) | |||
| Aunt | 4.5% (2) | 6.3% (2) | 0% (0) | |||
| Foster mother | 4.5% (2) | 3.1% (1) | 8.3% (1) | |||
| Parent's race | ||||||
| Min Nan/Taiwanese | 88.6% (39) | 93.8% (30) | 75% (9) | |||
| Hakka | 2.4% (1) | 3.1% (1) | 0% (0) | |||
| Mainlander | 4.5% (2) | 3.1% (1) | 8.3% (1) | |||
| Mixed ethnicities | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | |||
| New immigrants from China | 4.5% (2) | 0% (0) | 16.7% (2) | |||
| Parent's educational level* | ||||||
| High school (12th-grade) or lower degree | 34.1% (15) | 18.8% (6) | 75% (9) | |||
| College or higher degree | 65.9% (29) | 81.2% (26) | 25% (3) | |||
| Family demographic variables | ||||||
| Family income* | ||||||
| Low | 15.9% (7) | 6.3% (2) | 41.7% (5) | |||
| Middle | 61.4% (27) | 62.5% (20) | 58.3% (7) | |||
| High | 22.7% (10) | 31.2% (10) | 0% (0) | |||
| Family status* | ||||||
| Two-parent family | 59.1% (26) | 75% (24) | 16.7% (2) | |||
| One-parent family (including never married, separated, divorced, and widowed) | 36.4% (16) | 21.9% (7) | 75% (9) | |||
| Two foster-parent family | 4.5% (2) | 3.1% (1) | 8.3% (1) | |||
| Child's behavior problems | ||||||
| CBCL externalizing problema | 65.70 (10.93) | 64.91 (8.99) | 67.83 (15.24) | |||
| ECBI intensityb | 137.07 (34.65) | 139.03 (34.62) | 131.83 (35.68) | |||
| ECBI problemc | 17.73 (8.46) | 17.41 (8.88) | 18.58 (7.51) | |||
| Caregiver's psychological problems/disorders | ||||||
| Psychological problems/disorders diagnosed by professionals* | ||||||
| Yes | 31.8% (14) | 18.8% (6) | 66.7% (8) | |||
| No | 68.2% (30) | 81.2% (26) | 33.3% (4) | |||
| PAS total*,d | 21.16 (9.25) | 18.25 (6.14) | 28.92 (11.75) | |||
| BAI totale | 9.75 (9.11) | 7.09 (5.57) | 16.83 (12.73) | |||
| BDI-II total*,f | 13.59 (13.95) | 10.97 (8.82) | 20.58 (21.63) | |||
| PSI Total Stressg | 58.43 (8.83) | 57.75 (8.92) | 60.25 (8.72) | |||
| PSI Life Stressh | 10.25 (9.56) | 9.25 (9.73) | 12.92 (8.94) | |||
| Caregiver's responses to child behavior | ||||||
| DPICS TP | 4.02 (3.71) | 4.09 (4.05) | 3.83 (2.62) | |||
| DPICS NTA | 18.27 (20.29) | 19.31 (23.03) | 15.50 (10.13) | |||
| PICS DCR | .72 (.16) | .72 (.16) | .71 (.17) | |||
Note. M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; ECBI = Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory; PAS = Personality Assessment Screener; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI-II= Beck Depression Inventory-II; PSI = Parenting Stress Index; DPICS = Dyadic Parent–Child Interaction Coding System; TP= Total Praise (all labeled and unlabeled praises); NTA = Negative Talk; DCR = Direct Command Ratio (the number of direct commands divided by the sum of all commands). Bolded numbers = Clin elevated psychological symptoms.
Significant differences between treatment completers and treatment dropouts. *p < 0.00385.
CBCL cutoff score ≥ 64.
ECBI intensity cutoff score ≥ 131–133.
ECBI problem cutoff score ≥ 15.
PAS ≥ 19.
BAI Total score of 16–25= Moderate anxiety, Total score of 26–63= Severe anxiety.
BDI-II Total score of 23–30 = Moderate depression, Total score of 31–63= Severe depression.
PSI cutoff score ≥ 62.
PSI Life Stress cutoff score ≥ 17.