Table 3.
Association of cardio-metabolic markers with forced vital capacity (FVC).
| Cardio-metabolic markers | Unadjusted coefficient (95% CI) | P | Adjusted coefficient* (95% CI) | P | Adjusted coefficient** (95% CI) | P | Adjusted coefficient*** (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 0.16 (−2.50, 2.82) |
0.91 | −1.51 (−8.20, 5.18) |
0.65 | −1.92 (−8.74, 4.90) |
0.58 | −0.82 (−7.81, 6.17) |
0.82 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | −0.28 (−1.47, 0.91) |
0.64 | −2.66 (−4.98, −0.34) |
0.03 | −2.98 (−5.31, −0.65) |
0.01 | −2.85 (−5.59, −0.11) |
0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | −5.20 (−9.30, −1.10) |
0.01 | −0.30 (−8.06, 7.45) |
0.94 | −0.10 (−7.58, 7.37) |
0.98 | 5.43 (−1.90, 12.76) |
0.14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.07 (−1.99, 2.12) |
0.95 | −2.18 (−7.40, 3.03) |
0.41 | −1.30 (−6.53, 3.93) |
0.62 | 2.59 (−2.67, 7.84) |
0.33 |
| White blood cell count (x109/L) | −0.03 (−0.46, 0.39) |
0.88 | 0.48 (−0.46, 1.42) |
0.31 | 0.36 (−0.65, 1.37) |
0.48 | 0.66 (−0.36, 1.67) |
0.20 |
| HbA1c (%) | −0.12 (−0.28, 0.04) |
0.15 | −0.23 (−0.53, 0.06) |
0.12 | −0.28 (−0.58, 0.01) |
0.06 | −0.09 (−0.40, 0.21) |
0.54 |
| C-reactive protein (μg/mL) | −0.36 (−1.03, 0.31) |
0.29 | −0.95 (−2.74, 0.85) |
0.30 | −1.23 (−3.00, 0.54) |
0.17 | 0.52 (−0.71, 1.75) |
0.40 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | −0.20 (−0.99, 0.60) |
0.63 | −0.99 (−2.55, 0.57) |
0.21 | −1.12 (−2.75, 0.35) |
0.18 | −1.05 (−2.67, 0.57) |
0.20 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | −0.48 (−1.34, 0.39) |
0.28 | −0.95 (−2.12, 0.21) |
0.11 | −1.04 (−2.43, 0.35) |
0.14 | −0.61 (−1.62, 0.40) |
0.24 |
| TNF-alpha (pg/mL) | −0.18 (−0.81, 0.44) |
0.56 | −0.71 (−2.28, 0.86) |
0.37 | −0.77 (−2.36, 0.82) |
0.34 | −1.10 (−2.43, 0.23) |
0.11 |
| MPO (ng/mL) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) |
0.90 | −0.13 (−0.30, 0.03) |
0.10 | −0.13 (−0.28, 0.02) |
0.09 | −0.09 (−0.23, 0.05) |
0.19 |
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | −13.76 (−36.29, 8.76) |
0.23 | −14.23 (−67.21, 38.76) |
0.60 | −15.62 (−67.63, 36.38) |
0.55 | 10.93 (−24.47, 46.34) |
0.54 |
| ICAM-1 (ng/mL) | −1.66 (−14.51, 11.20) |
0.80 | 13.94 (−14.87, 42.74) |
0.34 | 8.67 (−20.88, 38.21) |
0.56 | 12.34 (−13.71, 38.39) |
0.35 |
| SAA (μg/mL) | 0.13 (−0.51, 0.76) |
0.69 | 0.25 (−0.54, 1.05) |
0.53 | 0.44 (−0.73, 0.60) |
0.46 | 0.76 (−0.20, 1.72) |
0.12 |
| MMP-3 (ng/mL) | 2.64 (0.89, 4.39) |
<0.001 | 3.94 (−1.29, 9.17) |
0.14 | 4.23 (−1.14, 9.60) |
0.12 | 4.16 (−1.26, 9.57) |
0.13 |
| MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 2.76 (−6.21, 11.73) |
0.54 | 17.61 (−11.44, 46.65) |
0.23 | 15.86 (−15.67, 47.39) |
0.32 | 17.10 (−16.59, 50.79) |
0.32 |
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | 0.14 (−2.36, 2.63) |
0.91 | 3.80 (−3.39, 11.00) |
0.30 | 2.68 (−4.18, 9.54) |
0.44 | 3.61 (−2.62, 9.83) |
0.25 |
*Adjusted for age, sex, height, ethnicity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). **Adjusted for age, sex, height, ethnicity, FEV1, smoking status and pack-years. ***Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, FEV1, smoking status, pack-years, and body mass index.