Table 4.
Association of cardio-metabolic markers with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1).
| Cardio-metabolic markers | Unadjusted coefficient (95% CI) |
P | Adjusted coefficient∗ (95% CI) |
P | Adjusted coefficient** (95% CI) |
P | Adjusted coefficient*** (95% CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 0.25 (−2.84, 3.34) |
0.87 | −0.08 (−6.62, 6.46) |
0.98 | 0.81 (−6.57, 8.18) |
0.83 | 0.33 (−7.30, 7.97) |
0.93 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | −0.11 (−1.38, 1.16) |
0.86 | 1.80 (−0.54, 4.14) |
0.13 | 2.07 (−0.36, 4.51) |
0.09 | 2.12 (−0.37, 4.60) |
0.09 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | −7.67 (−12.14, - 3.20) |
<0.001 | −7.02 (−12.58, −1.46) |
0.01 | −8.71 (−14.77, −2.64) |
0.01 | −9.47 (−15.62, −3.32) |
<0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.01 (−2.29, 2.31) |
0.99 | −1.38 (−6.41, 3.65) |
0.59 | −3.54 (−8.85, 1.77) |
0.19 | −4.17 (−9.80, 1.46) |
0.14 |
| White blood cell count (x109/L) | −0.30 (−0.81, 0.21) |
0.25 | −0.66 (−1.64, 0.32) |
0.19 | −0.43 (−1.61, 0.76) |
0.48 | −0.72 (−1.92, 0.49) |
0.24 |
| HbA1c (%) | −0.12 (−0.28, 0.04) |
0.13 | 0.001 (−0.24, 0.24) |
0.99 | 0.10 (−0.14, 0.34) |
0.40 | −0.04 (−0.28, 0.19) |
0.71 |
| C-reactive protein (μg/mL) | −0.63 (−1.46, 0.20) |
0.14 | 0.40 (−1.69, 2.50) |
0.70 | 0.13 (−0.08, 3.33) |
0.23 | 0.32 (−1.55, 2.18) |
0.74 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | −0.15 (−1.01, 0.70) |
0.72 | −0.69 (−2.45, 1.07) |
0.44 | −0.56 (−2.56, 1.45) |
0.58 | −0.39 (−2.57, 1.79) |
0.72 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | −0.43 (−1.14, 0.28) |
0.23 | 0.14 (−0.55, 0.83) |
0.69 | 0.46 (−0.36, 1.27) |
0.27 | 0.38 (−0.41, 1.17) |
0.34 |
| TNF-alpha (pg/mL) | −0.30 (−1.05, 0.45) |
0.43 | −0.51 (−2.06, 1.04) |
0.51 | −0.65 (−2.49, 1.20) |
0.49 | −0.18 (−2.17, 1.82) |
0.86 |
| MPO (ng/mL) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.09) |
0.41 | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.22) |
0.33 | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.23) |
0.36 | 0.07 (−0.09, 0.23) |
0.38 |
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | −23.72 (−49.17, 1.73) |
0.07 | −18.85 (−85.11, 47.41) |
0.57 | −14.61 (−81.68, 52.47) |
0.67 | −28.21 (−95.12, 38.69) |
0.40 |
| ICAM-1 (ng/mL) | −8.23 (−23.95, 7.49) |
0.30 | −27.73 (−60.50, 5.04) |
0.10 | −13.96 (−48.14, 20.23) |
0.42 | −19.93 (−56.76, 16.90) |
0.29 |
| SAA (μg/mL) | 0.01 (−0.67, 0.69) |
0.97 | 0.57 (−0.43, 1.58) |
0.26 | 0.39 (−0.32, 1.11) |
0.28 | 0.10 (−0.57, 0.76) |
0.78 |
| MMP-3 (ng/mL) | 1.49 (−0.37, 3.35) |
0.12 | −4.73 (−10.58, 1.12) |
0.11 | −5.51 (−11.63, 0.60) |
0.08 | −4.82 (−11.03, 1.39) |
0.13 |
| MMP-9 (ng/mL) | −4.96 (−12.79, 2.87) |
0.21 | −24.85 (−58.59, 8.88) |
0.15 | −21.71 (−59.19, 15.77) |
0.25 | −21.48 (−60.15, 17.19) |
0.27 |
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | −1.29 (−3.59, 1.01) |
0.27 | −2.81 (−7.79, 2.17) |
0.27 | −1.11 (−5.74, 3.52) |
0.63 | −2.12 (−7.03, 2.79) |
0.39 |
∗Adjusted for age, sex, height, ethnicity, and forced vital capacity (FVC).**Adjusted for age, sex, height, ethnicity, FVC, smoking status and pack-years. ***Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, FVC, smoking status, pack-years, and body mass index.