Figure 5.

Dickkopf‐related protein 3 (DKK3) induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer Bxpc‐3 cell. (A) Vector‐transfected and DKK3‐transfected cells were treated with increasing concentrations of gemcitabine (0, 10, 10², 10⁴, 10⁶ nM) for 72 hrs. *P < 0.05, by comparison with Bxpc3‐NC group. (B) IC50 value of gemcitabine treatment was measured in hypoxic conditions and hypoxia mimetic conditions. ^# P < 0.05, by comparison with Bxpc3‐NC group. (C) Apoptosis rate analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry in vector‐transfected and DKK3‐transfected cells treated with gemcitabine. (D) Western blotting analysis of apoptosis‐related protein in vector‐transfected and DKK3‐transfected cells after gemcitabine treatment.