Table 2.
AuNPs induced alterations in the hepatic tissue of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni
| Group | Microscopic observation
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histological activity indexa | Necrosis or apoptosis | Hemorrhage | Disorganized sinusoids | Infiltration of lymphocytes | Hyperplasia of Kupffer cells | |
| Noninfected | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infected | 14–16 | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| Infected (+0.25 mg/kg AuNPs) |
9–12 | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
| Infected (+0.5 mg/kg AuNPs) |
9–11 | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
| Infected (+1 mg/kg AuNPs) |
9–11 | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
| Infected (+ PZQ) | 9–11 | ++ | ++ | + | +++ | +++ |
Notes:
a
According to modified Ishak et al’s index.45 Score: 1–3, minimal; 4–8, mild; 9–12, moderate; 13–18, severe. 0: absent; +: mild; ++: moderate; and +++: severe.
Abbreviations: AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; PZQ, praziquantel.