Table 1.
Examples of nanomedicines for cancer approved by FDA and those undergoing clinical trials.
| Drug product | Active ingredient | Manufacturer | Indications | FDA approval date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doxil (Caelyx) | PEGylated doxorubicin | Ortho Biotech, Schering-Plough | Ovarian/breast cancer | November 1995 |
| Abraxane | Albumin-bound paclitaxel nanospheres | Abraxis BioScience, AstraZeneca | Various cancers | January 2005 |
| Nab paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine | Celgene | Metastatic pancreatic cancer | September 2013 | |
| Myocet | Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin | Elan/Sopherion Therapeutics | Breast cancer | 2000, approved in Europe and Canada |
| DaunoXome | Liposome-encapsulated daunorubicin | Gilead Science | HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma | April 1996 |
| DepoCyt | Liposomal cytarabine | SkyePharma, Enzon Pharmaceuticals | Lymphomatous meningitis | April 1999 |
| Oncaspar | PEG asparaginase | Enzon Pharmaceuticals | Leukemia | February 1994 |
| Mylotarg | Gentuzumab-ozogamicin | Wyeth-Ayerst | Acute myeloid leukemia | 2000 |
| Onco TCS | Liposomal vincristine | INEX Pharmaceuticals | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | In clinical phase 1/2 |
| LEP-ETU | Liposomal paclitaxel | Neopharma | Ovarian/breast/lung cancers | In clinical phase 1/2 |
| Aroplatin | Liposomal cisplatin analog | Antigenics, Inc. | Colorectal cancer | In clinical phase 1/2 |
| OSI-211 | Liposomal lurtotecan | OSI | Lung cancer/recurrent ovarian | In clinical phase 2 |
| SPI-77 | Stealth liposomal cisplatin | Alza | Head and neck cancer/lung cancer | In clinical phase 3 |
| EndoTAG-1 | Paclitaxel | Medigene/SynCore Biotechnology | Breast cancer/Pancreatic cancer | In clinical phase 2 |
| Marqibo | Vincristine | Talon Therapeutics, Inc. | Philadelphia chromosome–negative lymphoblastic leukemia | August 2012 |
| ThermoDox | Doxorubicin | Celsion | Hepatocellular carcinoma | In clinical phase III |
| Atragen | Liposomal all trans-retinoic acid | Aronex Pharmaceuticals | Acute promyelocytic leukemia | In clinical phase 2 |
| Lipoplatin | Liposomal cisplatin | Regulon | Pancreatic/head and neck/breast cancer | In clinical phase 3 |
| Aurimmune (CYT-6091) | TNF-α bound to colloidal gold nanoparticles | Cytimmune Sciences | Head and neck cancer | In clinical phase 2 |
| AuroShell | Gold nanoshells | Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc. | AuroLase Therapy of cancer | In clinical phase 1 |
| Genexal-PM | Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric micelle | Samyang | Breast cancer/small cell lung cancer | Marketed in Europe |
FDA: Food and Drug Administration; Nab: nanoparticle albumin bound; PEG: polyethylene glycol; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.