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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer J. 2014 Mar-Apr;20(2):127–133. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000034

Figure 1. Armored CARs for improved anti-tumor therapy.

Figure 1

Numerous strategies exist to improve CAR T cell therapy. These include 1. Modification of alterntive cell types, eg. γδ T cells or T cells derived from immature precursors. 2. Expression of immune stimulatory cytokine transgenes in CAR T cells, eg. IL-2, IL-15 or IL-12. 3. Expression of 2 CARs on a single T cell to improve specificity and safety. 4. Modified T cell signaling to generate more sustained T cell responses or resistance to immune-suppressives effects, eg. constitutively active AKT or knock-down of Dgk. 5. Expression of chemokine receptors to increase T cell survival and trafficking to tumor, eg. Transgenic expression of IL-7 Rα or CCR4 on CAR T cells. 6. Combination therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), e.g. anti-PD-1 or Rituximab, or small molecule inhibitors e.g. ABT-737 or rapamycin.