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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2015 Apr 6;130:29–70. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005

Figure 6. Subregional afferent and efferent connections of the ventral pallidum.

Figure 6

A. Known afferent and efferent projections of the VPvm, VPdl, and VPvl subregions. Subregions are illustrated to represent projections from any anteroposterior location within these VP subregions. Anatomical studies have also demonstrated that the BLA projects to, and receives projections from, cholinergic neurons that reside in all VP subregions (Gritti et al., 1993; Poulin et al., 2006; Mascagni and McDonald, 2009; Záborszky et al., 1986, 1999, 2012), but electrophysiological studies consistent with monosynaptic afferents suggest a wider influence on VP neuronal populations (Maslowski-Cobuzzi and Napier, 1994; Mitrovic and Napier, 1998). Glutamatergic neuron distribution for VP subregions has yet to be validated, but appear to be located largely within the VPvm, and thus far have been shown to project to the VTA (Geisler et al. 2007). VTA and DR appear to project to all VP subregions (Maslowski-Cobuzzi and Napier, 1994; Mitrovic and Napier, 2002; Klitenick et al. 1992; Semba et al. 1988). B. Known afferent and efferent projections of the VPr subregion.