Table 2. Association between pre-diagnosis BMI, the neighborhood environment, and breast cancer-specific mortality, California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium.
| All | African Americans | Asian Americans | Latinas | Non-Latina Whites | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=8995 | n=1719 | n=1234 | n=1754 | n=4234 | ||||||||
| Deaths (n) | HRa | 95% CI | HRa | 95% CI | HRa | 95% CI | HRa | 95% CI | HRa | 95% CI | ||
| BMI (m/kg2) | Normal weight | 548 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Overweight | 393 | 1.04 | (0.90-1.19) | 0.79 | (0.60-1.05) | 1.44 | (0.93-2.22) | 0.99 | (0.68-1.44) | 1.09 | (0.86-1.37) | |
| Obese | 213 | 1.08 | (0.90-1.29) | 0.83 | (0.60-1.14) | 1.96 | (0.96-3.98) | 1.06 | (0.69-1.64) | 1.21 | (0.87-1.69) | |
| Severly obese | 75 | 1.06 | (0.81-1.37) | 0.87 | (0.56-1.37) | -- | -- | 0.88 | (0.45-1.71) | 1.37 | (0.86-2.19) | |
| Morbidly obese | 55 | 1.22 | (0.89-1.68) | 1.00 | (0.61-1.64) | -- | -- | 2.13 | (1.10-4.15) | 0.94 | (0.46-1.92) | |
| p trend | 0.21 | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.24 | |||||||
| Socioeconomic statusb,c | Q5-high | 308 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Q4 | 267 | 0.95 | (0.79-1.14) | 0.59 | (0.37-0.93) | 0.66 | (0.36-1.22) | 0.79 | (0.48-1.30) | 1.19 | (0.91-1.56) | |
| Q3 | 247 | 1.00 | (0.81-1.24) | 0.69 | (0.43-1.11) | 0.85 | (0.38-1.86) | 1.11 | (0.64-1.93) | 1.19 | (0.85-1.68) | |
| Q2 | 251 | 1.14 | (0.89-1.46) | 0.73 | (0.45-1.20) | 0.93 | (0.38-2.27) | 0.76 | (0.40-1.42) | 1.73 | (1.12-2.67) | |
| Q1-low | 210 | 1.19 | (0.87-1.62) | 0.65 | (0.37-1.13) | 1.20 | (0.41-3.53) | 1.16 | (0.54-2.52) | 2.75 | (1.47-5.12) | |
| p trend | 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.96 | <0.01 | |||||||
| Household crowdingc,d | Q1-low | 272 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Q2 | 269 | 0.89 | (0.74-1.07) | 0.59 | (0.38-0.92) | 0.72 | (0.36-1.43) | 0.86 | (0.45-1.65) | 0.96 | (0.75-1.24) | |
| Q3 | 345 | 0.99 | (0.81-1.22) | 0.87 | (0.57-1.32) | 1.10 | (0.54-2.26) | 1.17 | (0.62-2.21) | 0.76 | (0.55-1.05) | |
| Q4-high | 397 | 0.90 | (0.70-1.17) | 0.82 | (0.50-1.34) | 0.62 | (0.25-1.54) | 0.93 | (0.45-1.92) | 0.73 | (0.45-1.18) | |
| p trend | 0.67 | 0.90 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.10 | |||||||
| % Multi-family housing unitsc,e | Q1-low % | 274 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Q2 | 310 | 1.19 | (1.00-1.42) | 1.10 | (0.73-1.64) | 1.08 | (0.61-1.90) | 1.91 | (1.17-3.10) | 1.00 | (0.77-1.30) | |
| Q3 | 343 | 1.13 | (0.94-1.37) | 1.27 | (0.85-1.89) | 0.69 | (0.36-1.33) | 1.98 | (1.20-3.26) | 0.79 | (0.58-1.07) | |
| Q4-high % | 356 | 1.08 | (0.89-1.32) | 1.07 | (0.71-1.63) | 1.34 | (0.69-2.58) | 1.67 | (0.96-2.88) | 0.90 | (0.64-1.26) | |
| p trend | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.14 | 0.16 | |||||||
| Street connectivity: Gammaf,g | Q1-low % | 276 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Q2 | 284 | 0.87 | (0.73-1.05) | 0.89 | (0.56-1.41) | 1.36 | (0.76-2.45) | 0.82 | (0.50-1.35) | 0.77 | (0.59-0.99) | |
| Q3 | 339 | 0.91 | (0.75-1.10) | 0.86 | (0.54-1.35) | 1.75 | (0.92-3.35) | 1.01 | (0.61-1.65) | 0.76 | (0.56-1.03) | |
| Q4-high % | 385 | 0.95 | (0.77-1.17) | 0.87 | (0.55-1.39) | 1.30 | (0.65-2.61) | 1.53 | (0.88-2.66) | 0.76 | (0.54-1.08) | |
| p trend | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.12 | |||||||
| Number of businessesg | Q1-low | 277 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Q2 | 323 | 1.01 | (0.84-1.21) | 0.95 | (0.61-1.49) | 1.27 | (0.68-2.38) | 0.68 | (0.42-1.12) | 1.04 | (0.80-1.36) | |
| Q3 | 369 | 1.07 | (0.88-1.30) | 1.28 | (0.81-2.01) | 0.91 | (0.47-1.76) | 0.55 | (0.32-0.96) | 1.19 | (0.87-1.63) | |
| Q4-high | 314 | 0.97 | (0.77-1.22) | 1.18 | (0.72-1.95) | 0.54 | (0.25-1.16) | 0.46 | (0.25-0.85) | 1.09 | (0.73-1.61) | |
| p trend | 0.82 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.39 | |||||||
| Number of parksg | 0 | 337 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 1 | 398 | 1.01 | (0.86-1.18) | 1.10 | (0.81-1.50) | 0.79 | (0.49-1.28) | 1.66 | (1.01-2.73) | 1.01 | (0.78-1.30) | |
| 2 | 284 | 1.07 | (0.90-1.28) | 1.15 | (0.82-1.60) | 0.96 | (0.56-1.64) | 1.75 | (1.05-2.90) | 0.99 | (0.73-1.36) | |
| ≥3 | 264 | 0.97 | (0.80-1.16) | 0.98 | (0.69-1.40) | 0.70 | (0.36-1.37) | 2.02 | (1.19-3.43) | 0.92 | (0.67-1.26) | |
| p trend | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.60 | |||||||
Stratified by sage (AJCC) and study (AABCS,CARE,CTS, MEC, SFBCS). Adjusted for age, log (age), year of diagnosis, histology, grade, ER/PR status, nodal involvement, tumor size, second primary tumor, multiple primary tumor, days from diagnosis of index tumor to secondary primary diagnosis, days from of diagnosis of index tumor to multiple primary tumor, surgery type, chemotherapy, radiation, clustering by block group, education, parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes. Analysis for all groups combined also adjusted for race/ethnicity
Based on SES composite index of seven indicator variables for Census block groups (Liu education index, proportion blue collar job, proportion older than age 16 in the workforce without a job, median household income, percent below 200% of federal poverty line, median rent, median house value).
U.S. census data; categories based on CA state-wide distribution
Percent occupied housing with ≥1 occupant per room
Percent of housing structures with ≥2 units
Ratio of actual number of street segments to maximum possible number of intersections
Business or traffic data; categories based on study participant distribution