Table 2.
Functional MRI results across all participants during the choice phase*
| Phase; region | Side | MNI coordinates | Z score | Cluster size | Cluster p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| x | y | z | |||||
| A. Linear increase in risk-related activity during the choice phase (extent threshold p < 0.05 FWE) | |||||||
| Ventral striatum | L | −16 | 6 | −8 | > 8 | 5382 | < 0.001 |
| R | 16 | 10 | −8 | > 8 | |||
| Thalamus | R | 8 | −22 | −4 | > 8 | ||
| Anterior insula | L | −28 | 16 | −6 | 6.68 | ||
| R | 32 | 22 | −10 | 5.45 | |||
| Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex | L | −6 | 34 | 30 | 6.93 | 5254 | < 0.001 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | R | 10 | 30 | 26 | 6.39 | ||
| Middle occipital cortex | L | −34 | −76 | 36 | 6.93 | 429 | < 0.001 |
| R | 44 | −76 | 18 | 6.16 | 624 | < 0.001 | |
| Cerebellum | R | 8 | −62 | 22 | 6.35 | 233 | < 0.001 |
| L | −8 | −58 | −20 | 4.84 | |||
| Posterior cingulate cortex | L | −6 | −32 | 30 | 6.25 | 472 | < 0.001 |
| R | 10 | −36 | 30 | 5.44 | |||
| Precuneus | L | −12 | −68 | 32 | 6.20 | 1334 | < 0.001 |
| R | 16 | −64 | 48 | 5.88 | |||
| Middle temporal cortex | L | −54 | −50 | 12 | 5.95 | 624 | < 0.001 |
| Middle frontal cortex | L | −22 | 28 | 50 | 5.61 | 61 | < 0.001 |
| Inferior frontal cortex | L | −46 | 8 | 18 | 5.56 | 151 | < 0.001 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal cortex | L | −42 | 48 | 0 | 5.32 | 56 | < 0.001 |
| Precentral gyrus | R | 48 | −8 | 44 | 5.31 | 137 | < 0.001 |
| B. Positive linear association between risk-related increase in neural activity during the choice phase and individual neuroticism scores | |||||||
| Ventral striatum | L | −12 | 8 | −10 | 4.13 | 60 | 0.044 |
| R | 20 | 4 | −10 | 3.53 | 49 | 0.06 | |
| C. Positive linear association between risk-related increase in neural activity during the choice phase and individual risk taking ratio | |||||||
| Superior temporal sulcus | R | 52 | −32 | 22 | 4.11 | 215 | 0.035 |
| D. Negative linear association between risk-related increase in neural activity during the choice phase and individual risk taking ratio | |||||||
| Rostral dorsal premotor cortex | R | 26 | 4 | 60 | 5.06 | 232 | 0.026 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | R | 48 | 16 | 34 | 4.63 | 244 | 0.021 |
| Midbrain | L | −6 | −6 | −16 | 4.59 | 272 | 0.013 |
| Insula | L | −32 | 26 | −4 | 4.40 | 63 | 0.041 |
| Superior parietal lobule | R | 26 | −74 | 54 | 4.36 | 503 | < 0.001 |
| Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex | R | 8 | 42 | 30 | 4.24 | 511 | 0.001 |
| R | 4 | 26 | 48 | 4.14 | |||
FWE = familiy-wise error; L = left; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; R = right.
*
Regional peaks (cluster p FWE < 0.05; clusters ≥ 40 voxels; extend threshold p ≤ 0.001, uncorrected, unless otherwise stated). Z statistics and cluster size in voxels.