Table 1.
Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of women with cervical cancer of Asian American group and of Asian subgroups in a comparison to white women (1996–2012).
| No. (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total cohort n = 10,474 |
White n = 9,408 |
Asian American n = 1,066 |
Filipino n = 344 |
Chinese n = 236 |
North Asian n = 249 |
Southeast Asian n = 206 |
| Mean age at diagnosis, years (standard deviation) | 50.4 (15.7) |
50.1 (15.7) |
53.4 (14.8) p<0.001 |
51.4 (14.1) p=0.028 |
54.3 (16.5) p<0.001 |
54.8 (15.9) p<0.001 |
53.6 (12.7) p<0.001 |
| Median age at diagnosis, years | 48 | 47 | 51 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 |
| Age, years | p<0.001 | p=0.009 | p=0.008 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | ||
| <35 | 1,618 (15) | 1,532 (16) | 86 (8) | 33 (10) | 26 (11) | 15 (6) | 10 (5) |
| 35–44 | 2,697 (26) | 2,444 (26) | 253 (24) | 90 (26) | 56 (24) | 62 (25) | 41 (20) |
| 45–54 | 2,472 (24) | 2,184 (23) | 288 (27) | 98 (28) | 51 (22) | 66 (27) | 64 (31) |
| 55–64 | 1,599 (15) | 1,406 (15) | 193 (18) | 51 (15) | 36 (15) | 39 (16) | 55 (27) |
| ≥65 | 2,088 (20) | 1,842 (20) | 246 (23) | 72 (21) | 67 (28) | 67 (27) | 36 (17) |
| Marital status | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p=0.174 | p=0.022 | ||
| Single | 2,109 (20) | 1,963 (21) | 146 (14) | 45 (13) | 26 (11) | 41 (16) | 31 (15) |
| Married/domestic partner | 5,428 (52) | 4,780 (51) | 648 (61) | 210 (61) | 156 (66) | 139 (56) | 124 (60) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 2,937 (28) | 2,665 (28) | 272 (26) | 89 (26) | 54 (23) | 69 (28) | 51 (25) |
| Stage at diagnosis | p<0.001 | p=0.419 | p=0.046 | p=0.473 | p<0.001 | ||
| Localized | 5,587 (53) | 5,060 (54) | 527 (49) | 175 (51) | 129 (55) | 125 (50) | 90 (44) |
| Regional | 3,722 (36) | 3,285 (35) | 437 (41) | 132 (38) | 92 (39) | 96 (39) | 99 (48) |
| Distant | 1,165 (11) | 1,063 (11) | 102 (10) | 37 (11) | 15 (6) | 28 (11) | 17 (8) |
| Histologic classification | p=0.024 | p=0.582 | p=0.267 | p=0.608 | p=0.009 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 6,696 (64) | 5,994 (64) | 702 (66) | 223 (65) | 145 (61) | 166 (67) | 146 (71) |
| Adenoma or adenocarcinoma | 2,448 (23) | 2,233 (24) | 215 (20) | 74 (22) | 53 (22) | 53 (21) | 30 (15) |
| Other | 1,330 (13) | 1,181 (13) | 149 (14) | 47 (14) | 38 (16) | 30 (12) | 30 (15) |
| Vital status at last follow-up | p=0.011 | p=0.179 | p=0.157 | p=0.662 | p=0.130 | ||
| Alive | 6,673 (64) | 5,956 (63) | 717 (67) | 230 (67) | 160 (68) | 161 (65) | 141 (68) |
| Dead | 3,801 (36) | 3,452 (37) | 349 (33) | 114 (33) | 76 (32) | 88 (35) | 65 (32) |
| Treatment | p<0.001 | p=0.069 | p=0.671 | p=0.099 | p=0.003 | ||
| No treatment | 491 (5) | 456 (5) | 35 (3) | 10 (3) | 12 (5) | 5 (2) | 6 (3) |
| Surgery | 4,599 (44) | 4,180 (44) | 419 (39) | 139 (40) | 97 (41) | 103 (41) | 70 (34) |
| Radiation | 2,813 (27) | 2,481 (26) | 332 (31) | 108 (31) | 70 (30) | 73 (29) | 73 (35) |
| Surgery and radiation | 2,571 (25) | 2,291 (24) | 280 (26) | 87 (25) | 57 (24) | 68 (27) | 57 (28) |
| Socioeconomic status1 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | ||
| Quartile 1 | 2,670 (25) | 2,586 (27) | 84 (8) | 30 (9) | 9 (4) | 19 (8) | 22 (11) |
| Quartile 2 | 3,173 (30) | 2,902 (31) | 271 (25) | 77 (22) | 56 (24) | 63 (25) | 61 (30) |
| Quartile 3 | 1,699 (16) | 1,578 (17) | 121 (11) | 46 (13) | 14 (6) | 28 (11) | 31 (15) |
| Quartile 4 | 2,932 (28) | 2,342 (25) | 590 (55) | 191 (55) | 157 (67) | 139 (56) | 92 (45) |
| Foreign-born2 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | ||
| Quartile 1 | 3,084 (29) | 3,022 (32) | 62 (6) | 37 (11) | 1 (0) | 16 (6) | 8 (4) |
| Quartile 2 | 2,242 (21) | 2,139 (23) | 103 (10) | 34 (10) | 9 (4) | 33 (13) | 22 (11) |
| Quartile 3 | 2,117 (20) | 1,991 (21) | 126 (12) | 37 (11) | 19 (8) | 28 (11) | 34 (17) |
| Quartile 4 | 3,031 (29) | 2,256 (24) | 775 (73) | 236 (67) | 207 (88) | 172 (69) | 142 (69) |
| Residence population density | p<0.001 | p=0.941 | p<0.001 | p=0.403 | p<0.001 | ||
| County population ≥1,000,000 | 5,709 (55) | 5,013 (53) | 696 (65) | 184 (53) | 198 (84) | 126 (51) | 164 (80) |
| County population <1,000,000 | 4,765 (45) | 4,395 (47) | 370 (35) | 160 (47) | 38 (16) | 123 (49) | 42 (20) |
1
Socioeconomic status (based on county-level poverty, education, income, and unemployment levels) was categorized into 1 of 4 relative quartiles within the study sample. Quartile 1 represents the lowest socioeconomic status, or most socioeconomically disadvantaged, and quartile 4 represents the highest socioeconomic status, or most socioeconomically advantaged.
2
Percentage of the population of the woman’s county of residence born outside the United States, categorized into 1 of 4 relative quartiles, from lowest to highest percentage.