Table 2.

Results of the multivariable Cox regression model assessing the effects of race and other covariates on the overall survival of 10,474 Asian American women and white women with cervical cancer

Covariate	Parameter estimate	Standard error	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval
Marital status
Single	Ref.
Married/domestic partner	−0.144	0.047	0.87	0.79–0.95
Divorced/separated/widowed	0.074	0.050	1.08	0.98–1.19
Age at diagnosis, years
<35	Ref.
35–44	0.396	0.083	1.49	1.26–1.75
45–54	0.696	0.080	2.01	1.71–2.35
55–64	0.811	0.082	2.25	1.92–2.65
≥65	1.391	0.080	4.02	3.44–4.70
Stage at diagnosis
Localized	Ref.
Regional	0.690	0.049	1.99	1.81–2.20
Distant	1.752	0.055	5.77	5.17–6.43
Histologic classification
Squamous cell carcinoma	Ref.
Adenoma or adenocarcinoma	0.078	0.044	1.08	0.99–1.18
Other	0.408	0.046	1.50	1.38–1.65
Treatment
No surgery	Ref.
Surgery	−2.146	0.074	0.12	0.10–0.14
Radiation	−0.853	0.058	0.43	0.38–0.48
Surgery and radiation	−1.487	0.062	0.23	0.20–0.26
Socioeconomic status1
Quartile 1	Ref.
Quartile 2	−0.043	0.046	0.96	0.88–1.05
Quartile 3	−0.063	0.055	0.94	0.84–1.05
Quartile 4	−0.160	0.055	0.85	0.76–0.95
Foreign-born2
Quartile 1	Ref.
Quartile 2	0.018	0.049	1.02	0.93–1.12
Quartile 3	0.057	0.051	1.06	0.96–1.17
Quartile 4	0.009	0.059	1.01	0.90–1.13
Residence population density
County population ≥1,000,000	Ref.
County population <1,000,000	0.024	0.037	1.02	0.95–1.10
Race
White	Ref.
Asian American	−0.267	0.060	0.77	0.68–0.86

¹Socioeconomic status (based on county-level poverty, education, income, and unemployment levels) was categorized into 1 of 4 relative quartiles within the study sample. Quartile 1 represents the lowest socioeconomic status, or most socioeconomically disadvantaged, and quartile 4 represents the highest socioeconomic status, or most socioeconomically advantaged.

²Percentage of the population of the woman’s county of residence born outside the United States, categorized into 1 of 4 relative quartiles, from lowest to highest percentage.