Table 1.
Distribution of Maternal Characteristics: Univariate and Bivariate Distribution with Preterm Birth in the LIFE Study (N=1232)
| Variable | Total Sample N (%) | Preterm Birth
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | Crude PR (95% CI) | ||
| Preterm Birth | 204 (16.6) | - | - | - |
| Age | ||||
| 18–19 | 105 (8.5) | 13 | 12.4 | 0.87 (0.49, 1.54) |
| 20–24 | 373 (30.3) | 68 | 18.2 | 1.30 (0.91, 1.80) |
| 25–29 | 337 (27.4) | 48 | 14.2 | Referent |
| 30–34 | 235 (19.1) | 36 | 15.3 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.60) |
| 35 or older | 182 (14.8) | 39 | 21.4 | 1.50 (1.03, 2.20) |
| Current Financial Situation | ||||
| Very poor/barely enough | 93 (7.6) | 20 | 21.5 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.02) |
| Enough to get by | 624 (50.7) | 102 | 16.4 | Referent |
| More than enough | 390 (31.7) | 65 | 16.7 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) |
| Well to do | 125 (10.2) | 17 | 13.6 | 0.83 (0.52–1.34) |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| No college | 344 (27.9) | 56 | 16.3 | Referent |
| Some college | 888 (72.1) | 148 | 16.7 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.36) |
| Prenatal smokinga | ||||
| Never | 906 (73.5) | 154 | 17.0 | 1.32 (0.89, 1.98) |
| Smoked, but not in pregnancy | 187 (15.2) | 24 | 12.8 | Referent |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 139 (11.3) | 26 | 18.7 | 1.47 (0.88, 2.43) |
| Overall Self-rated Physical Health | ||||
| Excellent/Very Good | 520 (42.2) | 67 | 12.9 | Referent |
| Good | 413 (33.5) | 74 | 17.9 | 1.39 (1.03, 1.89) |
| Fair/Poor | 299 (24.3) | 63 | 21.1 | 1.64 (1.20, 2.24) |
| Daily Life Experiences of Racism & Bother Scale (DLE-B)a | ||||
| 1st quartile (20–38) | 305 (24.8) | 39 | 12.8 | Referent |
| 2nd quartile (39–72) | 305 (24.8) | 65 | 21.3 | 1.67 (1.16, 2.40) |
| 3rd quartile (73–128) | 307 (24.9) | 52 | 16.9 | 1.32 (0.90, 1.94) |
| 4th quartile (129–637) | 315 (25.6) | 48 | 15.2 | 1.19 (0.81, 1.76) |
| Centers for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CES-D) | ||||
| Mild/Moderate symptoms (score≤22) | 980 (79.6) | 143 | 14.6 | Referent |
| Severe symptoms (score≥23) | 252 (20.5) | 61 | 24.2 | 1.66 (1.27, 2.16) |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | ||||
| Less Stressed (score ≤ 34) | 570 (46.3) | 88 | 15.4 | Referent |
| More Stressed (score >35) | 662 (53.7) | 116 | 17.5 | 1.14 (0.88,1.46) |
a
DLE-B Higher score indicates more experiences of racial discrimination.
Note: PR, Prevalence Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval