Table 2.

Association between contraceptive method use and measures of HIV disease progression among women with prevalent HIV infection not using ART at enrollment.

	Time to CD4 count decline to <350 cells/mm3, ART initiation or deatha				Time to CD4 count decline ≥20% or deathb
	Events	Person-months at risk	HRc	95% CI	Events	Person-months at risk	HRc	95% CI
Current contraceptive method (time-varying)d
COCs	31	2194	0.91	0.56–1.48	85	2219	0.85	0.61–1.18
DMPA	17	882	1.28	0.71–2.31	45	782	1.14	0.77–1.71
Nonhormonal	49	2247	1.00	Ref	73	2131	1.00	Ref
Contraceptive method at enrollment
COCs	32	2246	0.91	0.56–1.47	79	2265	0.82	0.58–1.16
DMPA	20	1106	1.27	0.71–2.26	53	881	1.23	0.82–1.85
Nonhormonal	45	1996	1.00	Ref	64	2032	1.00	Ref

ART, antiretroviral therapy; HR, hazard ratio.

^aTime to first occurrence of CD4 count decline to <350 cells/mm³, ART initiation or death among participants with enrollment CD4 counts ≥350 cells/ mm³ and ≥1 follow-up CD4 measurement (n=315).

^bTime to first occurrence of CD4 count decline to ≥20% of enrollment CD4 count or death among all participants with ≥1 follow-up CD4 measurement (n=426).

^cAdjusted for CD4 count at enrollment, postpartum status, prior hormonal contraceptive use and age.

^dIf a method switch occurred between two CD4 measurements, the previous method was censored at the date of the last CD4 measurement before the switch.