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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015 Sep 2;36:137–145. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.08.015

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Major pathways of propionate (green arrows) and butyrate (blue arrows) metabolism in gut bacteria. For clarity, only a subset of the intermediates and reactions are shown. Enzyme name abbreviations are shown in bold italics. Dotted and solid arrows indicate multiple and single reaction steps, respectively. PDU: propionaldehyde dehydrogenase; MMD: methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase; GCD: glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase; CRO: crotonase; 4HBT: 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase; KAL: 3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase; BCD: butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.