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. 2015 Dec 23;6:397. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00397

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Copyright © 2015 Figueroa-Méndez and Rivas-Arancibia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influx and efflux mechanisms. (3.1) The type of SVCT transporter depends on the characteristics and requirements in each cell, SVCT2 being more frequent in tissues that require a constant supply of ascorbate, even under vitamin C deficiency conditions, while SVCT1 is more frequent in cells responsible for tissue distribution of ascorbate. (3.2) Ascorbate transportation into the enterocyte occurs through SVCT1, coupled to a Na+/K+ATPase. (3.3) Under conditions of restricted ascorbic acid intake, the supply of ascorbate to the cell is carried out through the SVCT2 located in the basolateral membrane, which is also coupled to a Na+/K+ATPase. (3.4) DHA is transported into the enterocyte via GLUT transporters. (3.5) Within the enterocyte, DHA is reduced to ascorbate, then exits the cell and spreads to the capillaries through the extracellular space.