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. 2015 Dec 23;6:1159. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01159

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Copyright © 2015 Vannier, Mony, Bittebière and Vandenkoornhuyse.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Plant phenotypic plasticity is triggered by environmental constraints. Phenotypic changes induced are not solely genetically controlled but are also based on either epigenetic marks or plant microbiota by recruitment of mutualists. This plant ‘toolbox’ allows a rapid response to environmental constraints. (B) The control over plant phenotypic plasticity may cross-talk or synergistically interplay with different possible interactions. (1) Co-evolution plant-symbiont (2) Interplay genetic/epigenetics (3) Interaction between epigenetics and microbiota. These mechanisms also act at the modular scale of plant structure.