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Angiotensin II (Ang-II) induces sympathetic nerve activation (SNA) by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) along SFO-PVN axis underlying Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) symptoms (see text). Modified by de Queiroz et al. (2013) and Benarroch (2005). SFO: subfonical organ; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; AT1R, AT1 Ang-II receptor; RAS, renin angiotensin system.
