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. 2015 Oct 23;5:928–941. doi: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.10.004

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

In vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells were determined by standard procedure. (A) The VipTx-I protein displayed less activity against tested bacteria. (B) The VipTx-II protein showed most potent action against S. aureus and B. pseudomallei among the tested bacteria, the activity or inhibition zones were compared with a antibiotic. The activity of VipTx-II protein more or less equal when compared to that of commercial antibiotic. (C) The VipTx-II protein showed most potent action against S. aureus and B. pseudomallei (KHW & TES) and S. aureus among the tested bacteria, the activity or inhibition zones were compared with a variety of antibiotics. (D) The active protein was further tested in a dose-dependent (100–0.01 μg/ml) manner against the most sensitive organisms. Results exhibited that the protein exerted very strong bactericidal activity against B. pseudomallei (KHW) and S. aureus even at very low doses (10 μg/ml). Symbol denotes: Ec-Escherichia coli, Pv-Proteus vulgaris, KHW-Burkholderia pseudomallei, Sa-Staphylococcus aureus, TES-Burkholderia pseudomallei, Pm-Proteus mirabilis, Ea-Enterobacter aerogenes, STR-Streptomycin, CHL-Chloramphenicol, CF-Ceftazidime, PEN-Penicillin, VAN-Vancomycin.