Table 3.

Adjusted and Unadjusted Rate Ratios of Health Care Utilization in the 6 Months Following Randomization in SMARTSteps, Comparing Intervention to Wait-List, Using Negative Binomial Regression with Robust Standard Errors

	Unadjusted			Adjusted for prior year utilization*
	Rate Ratio	(95% Confidence Interval)	P value	Rate Ratio	(95% Confidence Interval)	P value
Hospitalizations (number of visits)	0.50	(0.16, 1.54)	0.23	0.55	(0.17, 1.54)	0.33
Days in Hospital	0.74	(0.12, 4.59)	0.75	0.19	(0.03, 1.40)	0.10
Emergency Department (number of visits)	0.51	(0.26, 1.02)	0.06	0.73	(0.37, 1.45)	0.37
Emergency Department and Hospitalizations	0.52	(0.26, 1.04)	0.06	0.60	(0.30, 1.17)	0.14
Outpatient Visits	0.98	(0.80, 1.21)	0.85	0.94	(0.79, 1.12)	0.48

^*Hospitalizations, Days in Hospital, Emergency Department, and combined Emergency Department and Hospitalizations were adjusted with a binary variable (any vs. no visits/days in prior year); outpatient visits were adjusted using quartiles of visits in prior year