Table 4.
Tobacco and alcohol use by country and HNSCC site among included studies from sub-Saharan Africa since 1990
| COUNTRY | AUTHOR | SITE | n* | TOBACCO USE n (%) | ALCOHOL USE n (%) |
| Central | |||||
| Sudan | Ibrahim33 | OP/OC | 192 | 26 (14%) | 24 (13%) |
| Sudan | Jalouli36 | OP/OC | 20 | 15 (75%) | 0 (0%) |
| Eastern | |||||
| Kenya | Butt39 | OP/OC | 16 | 4 (25%) | 5 (31%) |
| Southern | |||||
| RSA | Pacella-Norman45 | OP/OC | 124 | 97 (78%) | 94 (76%) |
| RSA | Pacella-Norman45 | Larynx | 51 | 49 (96%) | 45 (88%) |
| Zimbabwe | Tumushime-Buturo67 | Larynx | 114 | 57 (50%) | 57 (50%) |
| Western | |||||
| Nigeria | Adewole49 | OP/OC | 50 | 30 (60%) | 36 (72%) |
| Nigeria | Lawal56 | OP/OC | 32 | 8 (25%) | 8 (25%) |
| Nigeria | Oji58 | OP/OC | 81 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nigeria | Otoh59 | OP/OC | 12 | 2 (17%) | 1 (8%) |
| Nigeria | Amusa69 | Larynx | 13 | 5 (38%) | 11 (85%) |
| Nigeria | Iseh70 | Larynx | 20 | 20 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nigeria | Nwaorgu71 | Larynx | 68 | 30 (44%) | 47 (69%) |
| Nigeria | Somefun72 | Larynx | 36 | 5 (14%) | 5 (14%) |
| Togo | Kpemissi73 | Larynx | 33 | 26 (79%) | 27 (82%) |
| Total | 862 | 374 (43%) | 360 (42%) | ||