Table 4.

Linear Regression Model Indicating the Association of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity with Z-scores of Expanded Cognitive Battery Tests

		Model 1a			Model 2b			Model 3c
		Beta	SE	P	Beta	SE	P	Beta	SE	P
Average Overall cognitive z- scoree (N=5188)	Q1(low)d
	Q2	0.32	0.03	<0.001	0.13	0.03	<0.001	0.15	0.03	<0.001
	Q3	0.46	0.03	<0.001	0.19	0.03	<0.001	0.16	0.03	<0.001
	Q4(high)	0.63	0.03	<0.001	0.27	0.03	<0.001	0.23	0.03	<0.001
Executive function z- scoref (N=4441)	Q1(low)d
	Q2	0.30	0.04	<0.001	0.13	0.03	<0.001	0.11	0.03	0.003
	Q3	0.46	0.04	<0.001	0.17	0.03	<0.001	0.13	0.04	0.001
	Q4(high)	0.71	0.04	<0.001	0.29	0.04	<0.001	0.25	0.04	<0.001
Memory z- scoreg (N=5178)	Q1(low)d
	Q2	0.32	0.03	<0.001	0.20	0.03	<0.001	0.19	0.03	<0.001
	Q3	0.46	0.03	<0.001	0.21	0.03	<0.001	0.19	0.04	<0.001
	Q4(high)	0.63	0.03	<0.001	0.26	0.04	<0.001	0.24	0.04	<0.001

^aUnadjusted regression model.

^bAdjusted by age, sex, race, region of residence and education.

^cAdjusted by age, sex, race, region of residence, education, proportion of time spent in sedentary behavior, body mass index, hypertension, smoking and diabetes.

^dDenotes the quartiles of the proportion of total time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Q1 refers the lowest quartile, and Q4 refers the highest quartile.

^eAverage cognitive z-score refers to the average of mean executive score and mean memory score.

^fExecutive z-score refers to the average of standardized scores of letter fluency and animal fluency tests. For participants with only one executive test, the mean score would be the result of that test.

^gMemory z-score refers to the average of standardized scores of word list learning and MoCA recall and orientation tests. For participants with only one executive test, the mean score would be the result of that test. MoCA refers to Montreal Cognitive Assessment, including a 5-word delayed memory recall test, and a 6-item orientation test.