Table 4.
Associations between cortisol at each time point during pregnancy with duration of pregnancy and newborn anthropometric indicators
| Crudea | Model 1a,b | Model 2a,c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95 % CI) | p-value | β (95 % CI) | p-value | β (95 % CI) | p-value | |
| Duration of pregnancy, wk | ||||||
| Baseline | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) | 0.086 | −0.05 (−0.10, −0.01) | 0.015 | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.002) | 0.039 |
| 28 wk | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) | 0.528 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | 0.305 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | 0.343 |
| 36 wk | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | 0.002 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.002) | 0.032 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.002) | 0.037 |
| Birth weight, g | ||||||
| Baseline | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02) | 0.007 | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02) | 0.013 | −0.06 (−0.12, 0.01) | 0.066 |
| 28 wk | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | 0.189 | −0.09 (−0.17, −0.02) | 0.013 | −0.08 (−0.16, −0.01) | 0.035 |
| 36 wk | −0.10 (−0.16, −0.04) | 0.0005 | −0.11 (−0.18, −0.04) | 0.002 | −0.11 (−0.18, −0.04) | 0.003 |
| Newborn WAZ | ||||||
| Baseline | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.143 | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.265 | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.05) | 0.412 |
| 28 wk | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.328 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.02) | 0.129 | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.03) | 0.319 |
| 36 wk | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | 0.097 | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | 0.174 | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.03) | 0.284 |
| Newborn LAZ | ||||||
| Baseline | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.163 | −0.06 (−0.12, 0.01) | 0.088 | −0.04 (−010, 0.03) | 0.255 |
| 28 wk | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.02) | 0.204 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.01) | 0.111 | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.03) | 0.580 |
| 36 wk | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | 0.100 | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.05) | 0.545 | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.06) | 0.746 |
| Newborn HCZ | ||||||
| Baseline | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | 0.095 | −0.06 (−0.12, 0.01) | 0.089 | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.273 |
| 28 wk | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | 0.130 | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.01) | 0.072 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.02) | 0.136 |
| 36 wk | −0.07 (−0.13, −0.01) | 0.017 | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.01) | 0.074 | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | 0.089 |
aStandardized regression coefficients, standard errors, and p-values obtained using linear regression models. Data were available for n = 1372, 906, and 1049 women at baseline, 28 wk, and 36 wk, respectively
bAdjusted for parity (primiparous or multiparous), maternal age, sex of fetus, maternal BMI, education, socio-economic score, study site, season at enrolment, gestational age at enrolment, time between waking and saliva collection, and time between last food or drink (except or water) and saliva collection
cAdjusted for everything in Model 1, plus AGP and CRP
WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; HCZ, head circumference-for-age z-score