Fig. 6.

IOS imaging of inner retinal neurons. (a1, a2) Dynamic differential IOS images of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). (b1, b2) Raw images of the INL and GCL. (c1, c2) Enlarged images of the third frames shown in (a1, a2), respectively. (d) The IOS response of individual pixels pointed to by arrowheads in (c2). The retina was activated by a 500-ms step light stimulus. Simultaneous ERG recording was performed to show the stimulus-evoked electrophysiological response of the retina. The vertical line indicates the stimulus onset and offset. The raw images were recorded with the CMOS camera at a speed of 1000 fps. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 116.