Fig. 7.

(a) Microlens array (MLA) recording of retinal activation. Each illustrated IOS image is an average over 600 ms intervals (i.e., 200 frames, $3\mathrm{ms}/\text{frame}$). (b) Enlargement of the fourth frame in (a). (c) Black traces 1 to 8 show IOSs of randomly selected 8 pixels pointed to by the arrowheads in (b). (d) Black traces 1 and 4 show the average of all the positive and negative IOSs within the MLA spot areas. Gray traces 2 and 3 show the positive and negative IOSs without a stimulus. (e) IOS magnitude map of the single-trial MLA recording shown in (b). (f) Averaged IOS magnitude map of 6 MLA recordings. (g) Temporal dynamics of the overall IOS magnitude shown in (f). Reprinted with permission from Ref. 112.