Figure 1.

Cell recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). See text for details. LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; IRAK, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; Tollip, Toll interacting protein; MD2, myeloid differentiation protein-2; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; TIRAP, TIR domain-containing adapter protein (also known as MYD88 adaptor-like protein); TIFA, TRAF-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor-6; IKKs, IκB kinases; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; IκB, kappa B inhibitor.