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Molecular regulation of the two ubiquitin-like conjugation system The elongation of the autophagosome membrane is dependent on the formation of Atg12–Atg5–Atg11 complex and phosphotidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated LCIII (Atg8), the major products of the two ubiquitin-like conjugation pathways. Black line indicates the cleavage of pro-LC3. Curved arrow represents the recycling of Atg4b. Details are included in the text.
