Table II.

Sociodemographic characteristics and health status of participants by frailty status at baseline. Mexico, MHAS, 2001

Variable	Nonfrail n = 649 (11.5%)	Prefrail n = 2 893 (51.3%)	Frail n = 2 102 (37.2%)	p
Age, mean (SD)	66.5 (5.5)‡	67.8 (6.4)§	70.5 (7.6)#	< .001
Female gender (%)	33.1	48.7	66.7	< .001
Educational level ≥ 7 years (%)	20.8	18.5	11.7	< .001
Don’t have a companion (%)	28.7	34.2	45.8	< .001
Poor self-reported health (%)	45.8	58.3	84.0	< .001
Poor self-perceived financial situation (%)	78.0	77.9	85.6	< .001
High blood pressure (%)	28.7	36.1	52.5	< .001
Diabetes (%)	9.9	13.5	23.7	< .001
Cancer (%)	0.8	1.2	2.5	.001
Ischemic cardiopathy (%)	1.4	2.3	6.3	< .001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)	3.9	5.2	10.6	< .001
Fractures after age 50 years (%)	12.6	13.6	19.8	< .001
Arthrosis (%)	12.3	19.8	34.0	< .001
Chronic diseases,* mean (SD)	0.7 (0.8)‡	0.9 (0.9)§	1.5 (1.1)#	< .001
Smoker (%)	37.2	36.0	30.1	.008
Drinker (%)	42.7	30.7	18.5	< .001
Cognitive impairment (%)	21.4	25.5	27.9	.004
Depressive symptoms (%)	15.3	26.2	58.8	< .001
Visual impairment (%)	35.3	40.5	57.3	< .001
Hearing impairment (%)	20.2	26.3	38.9	< .001
Disability for mobility (%)	11.9	32.5	85.8	< .001
Disability ≥ 1 IADL task (%)	4.5	4.8	19.2	< .001
Disability ≥ 1 ADL task (%)	0.1	0.6	7.1	< .001

IADL= Instrumental activities of daily living

ADL= Activities of daily living

MHAS = Mexican Health and Aging Study

^*Chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes, cancer, ischemic cardiopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fractures, and arthrosis

^{‡, §, #}Different symbols indicate a statistically significant inter-group difference (Bonferroni’s correction)