. 2015 Dec 17;9:2355–2371. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S80040

Table 1.

Growth factors and enzymes involved in angiogenesis

Growth factor/enzyme	Role in angiogenesis
Vascular endothelial growth factor²⁸	Mitosis and migration of endothelial cells
	Formation of vessel lumina and fenestrations
	Vasodilation
	Chemotaxis of macrophages and monocytes
	Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity
Platelet derived growth factor²⁹	Induces vasoconstriction and promotes angiogenesis
	Stimulates synthesis and deposition of collagen by fibroblasts
	Strong chemoattractant and mitogen for mesenchyme derived cells
Placental growth factor³³	Potentiates VEGF bioactivity
Placental growth factor³³	Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells
Fibroblast growth factor³¹	Mitosis and migration of endothelial cells
	Organization of endothelia into tube-like structures
	Induces VEGF expression in endothelia
Angiogenin³²	Upregulates metalloproteinases
	Endothelial migration and organization into tubular structures
	Catalytic properties comparable to RNAse
Basic fibroblast growth factor³⁴	Endothelial cell proliferation and migration
Basic fibroblast growth factor³⁴	Upregulation of metalloproteinases
Transforming growth factor-beta 1³⁰	Induces endothelial apoptosis following activation by VEGF
Transforming growth factor-beta 1³⁰	Stimulates angiogenesis
Endostatin³⁵	Inhibits proliferation and organization of endothelial cells
Endostatin³⁵	Inhibits metalloproteinases
Thrombospondin-2³⁶	Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration
Thrombospondin-2³⁶	Induction of apoptosis

Note: Putative roles of each pro- and antiangiogenic molecule are provided.

Abbreviations: VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; RNAse, Ribonuclease.